Bayer Aktiengesellschaft

Agfa-gevaert Ag

Symyx Technologies, Inc.

Christian Rasp

Johann Grolig

Artur Botta

Robert Becker

Gerhard Scharfe

Siegfried Kussi

Georg Ronge

Oswald Wilmes

Anita Von Konig

Karl-Heinz Hentschel

Gunter Stammann

Dieter Schleenstein

Pieter Ooms

Helmut Waldmann

Hans-Joachim Traenckner

Jan Mazanek

Klaus Nachtkamp

Alfred Gerhard Hagemeyer

Pramod Gupta

Ulrich Von Gizycki

Hermann Perrey

David M Lowe

Reinhard Schliebs

Franz Moll

Udo-Winfried Hendricks

Ulrich Notheis

Gunter Klug

Bernhard Lehmann

Xiao Ping Zhou

Ralf Timmermann

Werner Berthold

Heinrich Steude

Jurgen Dahmer

Damodara M Poojary

Dittmar Nerger

Herbert Kallfass

Wilfried Litz

Ralph Armbrust

Stephan Kabelac

Ramesh Borade

Johannes Hartl

Noble metal/reducible metal oxide catalysts effective for the direct amination of aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs thereof are disclosed. In one embodiment, the cataloxidant comprises a noble metal selected from Pd, Rh, Ir and/or Ru and a reducible metal oxide. In another embodiment, the cataloxidant comprises a noble metal and a reducible oxide of a metal selected from Ni, Mn, V, Ce, Th, Pr, Te, Re, Co, Fe, Cu and/or Bi. A preferred cataloxidant comprises one or more noble metals selected from Pd, Rh, Ir and/or Ru, in combination with nickel oxide and/or manganese oxide. In preferred applications, benzene can be aminated in the presence of the cataloxidants to form aniline. A benzene conversion of at least 5% is achieved, with more than 90% selectivity for aniline. Significantly, the cataloxidant can be regenerated without a substantial loss of performance.

Amination of aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs thereof

Inert, thermally stable high-boiling solvents which have a defined boiling point or which boil over a narrow range are used as heat exchange media during thermal cracking of carbamic acid esters (urethane cracking).

Heat exchange media for the thermal cracking of carbamic acid esters

This present invention relates to a process for thermally cracking carbamic acid esters into the corresponding isocyanate and hydroxyl compounds in the liquid phase, wherein the reaction proceeds as a reactive rectification in the stripping zone of a column and in an inert, high-boiling solvent, which acts as a buffer to keep the reaction away from the evaporator region of the column.

Process for thermally cracking carbamic acid esters

Chlorinated aromatic compounds are dechlorinated in a simple and inexpensive manner by heating them to 300.degree. to 450.degree. C. in a salt melt in the presence of water and/or water vapor and carbon.

Process for the dechlorination of chlorinated aromatic compounds

New thermoreactive recording materials contain a mixture containing at least one specifically modified bisphenol carboxylic acid and at least one basic compound. They are distinguished by good stabilization of the color even upon extended storage, good light stabilities and excellent stabilities to water, plasticizers, greases and ingredients of text-marking pens.

Thermoreactive recording material of particular stability

Materials based on gypsum and organic additives are improved if they contain polyethers and, if desired, polymers. They can be used in a wide range of areas, for example as slabs in the building sector and for improving plasters, mortars, insulating materials and other construction compositions, casts and/or moulds.

Gypsum-based materials, process for their preparation and their use

The invention relates to a new three-part process, which can also be employed on a large industrial scale, for the preparation of polyurea lubricating greases, which is characterised

Process for the preparation of polyurea greases

Monofunctional polyethers having hydroxyl groups contain as built-in terminal groups or monomers

Polyethers, process for their preparation and lubricants containing

The invention relates to the use of combinations of water-soluble polymeric polyether polyols, in which at least 50% of the terminal hydroxyl groups are blocked by reaction with a monoisocyanate incorporating a long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and certain surfactants as thickener systems for high water based functional fluids and to the thickened high water based functional fluids.

Thickening systems for high water based functional fluids and the high

A urethane is produced by reacting an organic nitro compound with carbon monoxide and an organic compound containing at least one hydroxyl group in the presence of a catalyst and a co-catalyst. This reaction is conducted in the liquid phase at elevated temperature and pressure. The catalyst employed is an element and/or compound of an element from the group of noble metals of the 8th Secondary Group of the Periodic Table. The co-catalyst used is formed from (1) a component taken from the group consisting of iron oxychloride, a mixture of iron compounds containing iron oxychloride and oxide-chloride combinations and (2) metallic iron or an iron alloy in finely divided or high surface form. The oxides which may be used in the oxide-chloride combinations of co-catalyst component (1) are the oxides and/or oxide hydrates of tetravalent tin, trivalent chromium, hexavalent molybdenum, hexavalent tungsten, pentavalent vanadium, divalent iron and trivalent iron. The chlorides which may be used in this oxide-chloride combination are chlorides of the elements of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA and IB to VIIIB of the Periodic Table and/or hydrochlorides of tertiary amines.

Process for the production of urethanes

Production of urethanes by the oxycarbonylation reaction of N,N'-disubstituted ureas and organic compounds containing at least one hydroxyl group with carbon monoxide in the presence of molecular oxygen and/or organic nitro compounds and a catalyst system comprising (a) a noble metal and/or noble metal compound of the eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements and (b) a compound of an element and/or elements of the third to fifth main group and/or first to eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements characterized in that said compounds are capable of undergoing Redox reactions under the reaction conditions.

Process for the preparation of urethane

A process for producing urethanes by reacting primary amines, carbon monoxide and organic hydroxyl compounds in the presence of molecular oxygen and/or organic nitro compounds as oxidizing agents and a catalyst system comprising a noble metal and/or a compound of a noble metal of the 8th subgroup of the Periodic System of Elements and a compound capable of undergoing Redox reactions under reaction conditions of the 3rd to 5th main group and/or 1st to 8th subgroup of the Periodic System of Elements.

Process for the preparation of urethanes

The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of urethanes (carbamic acid esters) by the reaction of organic nitro compounds with carbon monoxide and organic compounds containing at least one hydroxy group in the presence of palladium and/or palladium compounds and a cocatalyst which consists of a mixture of one or more iron oxides and/or iron hydroxides and activating chloride-containing additives.

This invention relates to an improved process for the production of urethanes (i.e. carbamic acid esters) by reacting organic nitro compounds with carbon monoxide and organic compounds containing at least one hydroxy group in the presence of a unique catalyst system. The catalyst system consists of palladium or a palladium compound and iron oxychloride or a mixture of iron compounds containing iron oxychloride.

Stabilizing baths used in rapid reproduction processes of photographic elements which comprise stabilizers, hardening additives and corrosion preventatives are improved in that certain heterocyclic compounds are incorporated in the baths. Excellent protection against corrosion is attained without a deleterious effect on the quality of the photographic material.

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Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

Christian Rasp