Industrial Technology Research Institute

Opto Tech Corporation

Walsin Lihwa Corporation

Chinese Petroleim Corp.

Chia-Lung Tsai

Jen-Yuan Hsu

Pang-An Ting

Yu-Tao Hsieh

Lai-Huei Wang

Hsueh-Hsing Liu

Yi-Keng Fu

Hung-Tse Chen

Soofin Cheng

Chien-Yu Kao

Chang Da Tsai

Pang An Ting

Debasish Das

Berryinne Chou

Chih-Hsuen Chou

An ultraviolet C light-emitting diode including an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, an active layer, a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) inducing layer, and an electron blocking layer is provided. The active layer is disposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer, wherein a wavelength of a maximum peak of a spectrum emitted by the active layer ranges from 230 nm to 280 nm. The two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) inducing layer is disposed between the active layer and the p-type semiconductor layer. A concentration of magnesium in the 2DHG inducing layer is less than 10atoms/cm. The electron blocking layer is disposed between the p-type semiconductor layer and the 2DHG inducing layer. A concentration of magnesium in a part of the electron blocking layer adjacent to the 2DHG inducing layer is greater than 10atoms/cm.

Ultraviolet c light-emitting diode

An ultraviolet C light-emitting diode includes an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, an active layer, a first electron blocking layer, and a second electron blocking layer. The active layer is disposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer. The wavelength of the maximum peak of the spectrum emitted by the active layer ranges from 230 nanometers to 280 nanometers. The concentration of magnesium in the active layer is less than 10atoms/cm. The first electron blocking layer and the second electron blocking layer are disposed between the p-type semiconductor layer and the active layer. The concentration of magnesium in the second electron blocking layer is greater than that of the first electron blocking layer and is greater than 10atoms/cm.

Ultraviolet C light-emitting diode having electron blocking layers

A light emitting diode (LED) including a first-type doped GaN substrate, a first-type doped semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second-type semiconductor layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode is provided. The first-type doped GaN substrate has a first doped element. The first-type semiconductor layer is disposed on the first-type doped GaN substrate. The first-type semiconductor layer has a second doped element different from the first doped element, and the doped concentration of the second doped element&#x2014;may have a peak from 3E/cmto 1E/cmat an interface between the first-type doped GaN substrate and the first-type semiconductor layer. The active layer is disposed on the first-type semiconductor layer, and the second-type semiconductor layer is disposed on the active layer. The first electrode and the second electrode are respectively disposed on the first-type doped GaN substrate and the second-type semiconductor layer. Other LEDs are also provided.

Light emitting diode

A wireless communication method may include receiving a first data stream comprising a data sequence and computing a permutation sequence based on a content of the received first data stream. The permutation sequence is a non-predetermined sequence. The method may further include performing a permutation on the first data stream based on the permutation sequence to generate a permuted first data stream being configured for wireless transmission.

Communication methods and systems having data permutation

A method for transmitting data represented by a plurality of coded bits includes: allocating the coded bits to a plurality of groups; rearranging, for a retransmission of the coded bits, ones of the coded bits allocated to a first one of the plurality of groups to a second one of the plurality of groups, and ones of the coded bits allocated to the second one of the plurality of groups to the first one or a third one of the plurality of groups; and changing, for the retransmission, a sequence of coded bits allocated to each of the plurality of groups after the rearranging.

System and method for bit allocation and interleaving

A subcarrier allocation method for use by a transmitter, the transmitter being configured to, when transmitting first and second data streams, allocate pilot symbols for the first and second data streams to subcarriers, such that a first plurality of subcarriers carry the pilot symbols for the first data stream and a second plurality of subcarriers carry the pilot symbols for the second data stream. The method includes allocating, when the transmitter transmits the first data stream but does not transmit the second data stream, the second plurality of subcarriers to carry no formation or information relating to the first data stream.

System and method for subcarrier allocation and permutation

A wireless communication method implemented in a communication system includes receiving a first data sequence, and processing the first data sequence to obtain information containing at least one of a first number and a sampling spacing associated with the first data sequence. The method also includes permuting the first data sequence to generate a permuted second data sequence. Permuting the first data sequence includes determining a first parameter based on at least one of the first number and the sampling spacing, determining a second parameter based on at least one of the first parameter, the first number, and the sampling spacing, and determining a mapping relationship between a j-th data item of the permuted second data sequence and an i-th data item of the first data sequence. The method further includes outputting the permuted second data sequence.

Communication methods and systems having permutation schemes

A subcarrier scrambling method for use in a transmitter with multiple subcarriers, the transmitter being configured to allocate pilot symbols and data symbols for each of a plurality of resource units (RUs). The method includes: applying, for each of the plurality of RUs, a first intra RU sequence to the pilot symbols, to thereby generate a plurality of scrambled pilot symbols; applying, for each of the plurality of RUs, a second intra RU sequence to the data symbols, to thereby generate a plurality of scrambled data symbols; and combining the plurality of scrambled pilot symbols and the plurality of scrambled data symbols to form the plurality of RUs.

Apparatus and method for subcarrier scrambling

A wireless communication method implemented in a communication system may include receiving a data sequence to be permuted, and obtaining information associated with the data sequence to be permuted, the information containing at least a length of the data sequence and a sampling spacing for permuting the data sequence. The method may also include identifying a first portion of the data sequence having a first number of adjacent data items, and a second portion of the data sequence having a second number of adjacent data items. The method may also include accessing the first number of data items from the first portion at the sampling spacing, and placing the accessed first number of data items into a predetermined number of sub-blocks included within a permuted data sequence to be generated based on the received data sequence. The method may further include inserting each of the second number of data items into an end position of one of the sub-blocks within the permuted data sequence, and outputting the permuted data sequence.

A method for data transmissions in a wireless communication system includes: allocating resources for data to be transmitted; providing a seed number from the communication system; setting, based on the seed number, at least one parameter for a pseudo-random mapper having an input variable and an output variable; initializing an array with a number of base elements; increasing a current value of the input variable by a current value of a counter; and calculating a value of the output variable based on the pseudo-random mapper and the increased value of the input variable. The method further includes: swapping a first base element and a second base element in the array, the first base element being identified based on the current value of the counter, and the second base element being identified based on the value of the output variable; performing permutation on the resources by using the array as a permutation sequence; and transmitting the data.

Apparatuses and methods for wireless communications using a permutation sequence

A method of oxidizing trimethylphenol (TMP) to trimethylbenzoquinone (TMBQ) by various molecular sieves containing various transition metals. In this method, TMP, a molecular sieve containing a transition metal in its framework, an oxidant and a solvent are mixed together to form a reaction system. The reaction system reacting at a temperature of about room temperature to 150&deg; C. to obtain TMBQ, and the concentration of TMP is about 5-60% wt.

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Hsinchu, Taiwan

Chia-Lung Tsai