Pennwalt Corporation

Chester Stephen Sheppard

Ronald E MacLeay

Orville L Mageli

Antonio Joseph D'Angelo

Richard A Bafford

Harold Carl Lange

Ronald E Mac Leay

Kurt Rauer

Harald Hofmann

Heidelinde Schiller

Ronald E MacLeary

Leonard Earnest Korczykowski

An unsymmetrical azo compound having the formula ##STR1## is provided wherein R' is an alkyl or aralkyl and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or aliphatic. The compound is useful as a vinyl polymerization initiator, a polyester resin curing agent and a blowing agent for foamed plastics.

Tertiary aliphatic amidazo compound

An unsymmetrical azo monomer contains t-alkyl, t-cycloalkyl, or t-aralkyl moiety and one polymerizable double bond. This compound is useful in polymerization and crosslinking systems.

Azo monomer useful in polymerization systems

A method is provided for crosslinking polymers at temperatures above 170.degree. C using azo-esters having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is --OOC--R, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl.

Crosslinking of polymers with azo-esters

Compounds which contain azo or peroxide linkages as well as the radical of an ultraviolet light stabilizing group are described. These compounds function as polymerization initiators which cause an ultraviolet light stabilization group to be chemically bound to the polymer.

Peroxide free radical initiators containing ultraviolet light

A. A novel class of azo compounds R-N.dbd.N-R.sub.1 where R and/or R.sub.1 are groups containing an acylating function, e.g., acyl chloride, chloroformate or anhydride. Example: Cis-4,4'-Azobis-(4-cyanovaleryl chloride). B. a novel class of azo containing polymers

Azo compounds containing acylating function and azo containing polymers

I. Compounds having independent peroxidic (X) and aliphatic azo groups of the formula

Compounds having both peroxy and aliphatic azo groups

A process for preparing a block polymer by first forming a polymer having azo functions by reacting vinyl polymer and a polyazo compound under conditions so that one of the azo functions rupture leaving the other azo function in tact; then, vinyl monomer is reacted with the polymer to produce the block copolymer. The polyazo compounds must contain at least one alkyl or aryl thio or oxa group alpha to at least one of the azo groups in the connecting chain between the azo groups to be useful as the sequential generator of free radicals.

Preparation of block polymers using polyazo sequential free radical

Tertiary-aliphatic alpha-peroxyazo compounds represented by the structure ##STR1## processes for preparing these compounds by reacting ##STR2## with salts or salt solutions of

Tertiary aliphatic alpha-peroxyazo compounds

A new class of compounds: R-W-R' where R and R' are identical oxy radicals containing peroxide functions such as dialkyl or diaralkyl peroxide, peroxyketal, peroxyester, or monoperoxycarbonate, and W is a carbonyl group, or carbonyl containing group, or an alkylidene or aralkylidene group, or a phosphorus containing group. Examples: Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] carbonate; Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(n-butoxycarbonylperoxy)butyl] carbonate; 2,2-Bis[3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butoxy] propane; Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] ethyl phosphate. They are free radical affording compounds useful in crosslinking of polyolefins and unsaturated polymers, and for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and diolefinic monomers.

Coupled peroxides

Secondary-aliphatic .alpha.-substituted azoalkanes, such as 1-isopropylazo-1-azidocyclohexane, and processes using such azoalkanes as polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and as curing agents for resins.

Polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers employing

New aliphatic azo compounds containing an .alpha.-hydroperoxy group and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof as represented by the general structure ##STR1## processes for preparing I where M is H and R is t-aliphatic by reacting t-aliphatic azo compounds having an .alpha.-halo substituent with about an equimolar amount of sodium or hydrogen peroxide; processes for converting I where M is H to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt by reaction with aqueous solutions of the corresponding base or with calcium or sodium hydride; and the use of these novel compounds as polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and as curing agents for resins. For example, 2-t-butylazo-2-hydroperoxy-4-methylpentane is prepared from sodium peroxide and 2-t-butylazo-2-chloro-4-methylpentane and used to polymerize vinyl chloride and to cure unsaturated polyester resin.

Polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers employing catalyst

Azo free radical initiators containing ultraviolet light stabilizing

Unsymmetrical azo compounds (R').sub.3 C--N.dbd.N--R' where (R').sub.3 C-- is tert.-aliphatic and R' is --C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)(Z) or ##STR1## e.g., 1-t-butylazo-1-chlorocyclohexane, their use as vinyl polymerization initiators and polyester resin curing agents, and methods for preparing same from t-aliphatic hydrazones and t-aliphatic .alpha.-halo-substituted azoalkanes.

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Tonawanda, NY, United States of America

Chester Stephen Sheppard