Uchicago Argonne, LLC

Chen Liao

Anthony Keiran Burrell

Daniel Abraham

Zhengcheng Zhang

Trevor L Dzwiniel

Ilya A Shkrob

John Thomas Vaughey

Cameron Peebles

Baofei Pan

Hakim H Iddir

Ka-Cheong Lau

Kewel Liu

Juan Garcia

Sang-Don Han

Albert L Lipson

Brian J Ingram

Baris Key

Niya Sa

Binghong Han

Fulya Dogan Key

Danielle Lee Proffit

Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein: can be bound to an existing polymer to provide polymeric binders for ceramic solid state electrolytes that are themselves capable of ion transport independent of the ceramic.

Borate salts, polymers and composites

This invention relates to an electrolyte composition for a lithium ion battery comprising a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent containing an additive comprising a compound of formula RSiOP(O)F; wherein each R independently is a hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or 1; and wherein the additive is substantially free from (RSiO)P(O)and (RSiO)P(O)F. Electrochemical cells and batteries also are described.

Additives for high voltage lithium ion batteries

Lithium tetrafluoro(malonato)phosphate compounds are useful as additives in lithium ion battery applications. The compounds are represented by Formula (I): MPF[&#x2014;O(C&#x2550;O)&#x2014;(CX'X&#x2033;)&#x2014;(C&#x2550;O)O&#x2014;]; wherein M is Li or Na; each X&#x2032; and X&#x2033; independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, fluoro-substituted alkyl, and F; or wherein the X&#x2032; and X&#x2033; together are &#x2014;CR&#x2014;(CR&#x2032;)&#x2014;CR&#x2033;&#x2014;; each R, R&#x2032; and R&#x2033; independently is selected from the group consisting of H methyl, trifluoromethyl, and F; and in is 0 or 1. These compounds can be prepared in high purity and a high yield by reaction of a metal hexafluorophosphate with a bis-silyl malonate compound. A similar oxalato compound, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate), can be made in the same manner, but using a bis-silyl oxalate in place of the bis-silyl malonate. Advantageously, the compounds can be formed, in situ, in a LiPF-containing electrolyte solution.

Additives for lithium batteries and methods

Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein: can be polymerized, or can be bound to an existing polymer, to provide polymeric binders for ceramic solid state electrolytes that are themselves capable of ion transport independent of the ceramic.

A lithium-ion electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode comprising elemental silicon, a microporous separator membrane between the first and second electrodes, and an electrolyte in contact with the electrodes and the membrane. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt at a concentration in the range of about 0.1 M to about 5 M, and an additional metal salt at a concentration in the range of about 0.001 to about 5 M dissolved in an organic solvent. The additional metal salt comprises a metal cation that can form a lithium-silicon-metal Zintl phase; and the first electrode comprises metallic lithium or a cathode active material capable of donating and accepting lithium ions to and from the second electrode during electrochemical cycling. Electrolytes for use with silicon-containing electrodes also are described.

Electrolyte compositions for stabilizing silicon electrodes in lithium batteries

Magnesium salts suitable for use in an electrolyte for a magnesium ion electrochemical cell are described herein. The salts are magnesium tetra(perfluoroalkoxy)metalates, optionally solvated with up to seven ether molecules coordinated to the magnesium ion thereof. In one embodiment, the salt has the empirical formula: Mg(Z)[M(OCR)](Formula (I)) wherein Z is an ether; n is 0 to about 7; M is Al or B; and each R independently is a perfluoroalkyl group (e.g., Cto Cperfluoroalkyl). The magnesium salts of Formula (I) are suitable for use as electrolyte salts for magnesium ion batteries (e.g., 5 V class magnesium batteries) and exhibit a wide redox window that is particularly compatible with magnesium anode. The salts are relatively cost effective to prepare by methods described herein, which are conveniently scalable to levels suitable for commercial production.

Electrolyte salts for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries

Lithium tetrafluoro(malonato)phosphate compounds are useful as additives in lithium ion battery applications. The compounds are represented by Formula (I): MPF[&#x2014;O(C&#x2550;O)&#x2014;(CX'X&#x2033;)&#x2014;(C&#x2550;O)O&#x2014;]; wherein M is Li or Na; each X&#x2032; and X&#x2033; independently is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, fluoro-substituted alkyl, and F; or wherein the X&#x2032; and X&#x2033; together are &#x2014;CR&#x2014;(CR&#x2032;)&#x2014;CR&#x2033;&#x2014;; each R, R&#x2032; and R&#x2033; independently is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, trifluoromethyl, and F; and m is 0 or 1. These compounds can be prepared in high purity and a high yield by reaction of a metal hexafluorophosphate with a bis-silyl malonate compound. A similar oxalato compound, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate), can be made in the same manner, but using a bis-silyl oxalate in place of the bis-silyl malonate. Advantageously, the compounds can be formed, in situ, in a LiPF-containing electrolyte solution.

This invention relates to a method for preparing an electrochemical cell comprising the sequential steps of preparing a solution of a lithium salt in an non-aqueous solvent containing an additive compound, and maintaining the solution at a temperature in the range of about 20 to about 30&#xb0; C. for about 5 to 10 days to form an aged electrolyte; assembling an electrochemical cell from an anode, a cathode, and the aged electrolyte; and electrochemically subjecting the electrochemical cell to formation cycling. The additive compound comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: (RSiO)B, (RSiO)XY, (RSiO)P, (R'O)PO, (RSi)X&#x2032;, RSiOS(O)R&#x2032;; (RSi)OC(&#x2550;O)R&#x2032;; wherein each R and R&#x2032; independently is a hydrocarbyl group; X is P or B; Y is O or S; X is Ti or Al. Electrochemical cells and batteries also are described.

A cathode for a lithium-sulfur (Li&#x2014;S) battery is described herein, which comprises elemental sulfur (e.g., S) and an electroactive polyanthraquinone-containing binder. In some embodiments, the cathode also includes a conductive carbon material in addition to the sulfur and binder. Also described herein is a Li&#x2014;S battery comprising the cathode, in combination with a metallic lithium-containing anode, a lithium conductive separator membrane between the anode and the cathode, and a liquid electrolyte comprising a lithium salt dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent.

Lithium-sulfur battery with polyanthraquinone binder

Methods for preparing electrolyte salts for alkaline earth metal-ion batteries (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion batteries) are described. The electrolyte salts comprise alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg or Ca) salts of 3,4-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole (TDI). The methods comprise contacting TDI with an alkaline earth metal bis(trifluoroacetate) salt in trifluoroacetic acid.

Salts for multivalent ion batteries

A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery comprises a lithium salt and an additive in an organic solvent. The additive comprises a di-substituted malonate silyl ester compound, in which the hydrogens of the malonate methylene group are replaced by substituents R(e.g., alkyl) and X (e.g., halogen). Each of the carboxylic acid groups of the malonate are esterified by a monovalent silyl group such as &#x2014;Si(R); or the two carboxylic acid groups are esterified by a single divalent silylene group such as &#x2014;Si(R)&#x2014; to form a ring therewith. Each Rand Rindependently is alkyl, phenyl, or alkoxy; and each substituted-alkyl comprises an alkyl moiety substituted with one or more group selected from alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, carboxylic amide, phenyl, sulfonic acid, and phosphonic acid.

Electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries under high-voltage operation

A rechargeable magnesium ion electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a non-aqueous magnesium electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode is described herein. The cathode comprises a redox-active anthraquinone-based polymer comprising one or more of 1,4-polyanthraquinone or 2,6-polyanthraquinone. Both 2,6-polyanthraquinone and 1,4-polyanthraquinone can operate with 1.5-2.0 V with above 100 mAh/g capacities at a reasonable rate, higher than the state-of-the-art Mg&#x2014;MgSbattery. More than 1000 cycles with very small capacity loss can be realized.

Polyanthraquinone-based organic cathode for high-performance rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries

Methods for preparing electrolyte salts for alkaline earth metal-ion batteries (e.g., calcium and magnesium ion batteries) are described. The electrolyte salts comprise alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg or Ca) salts of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) and 3,4-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole (TDI). The methods comprise contacting FSI or TDI with an alkaline earth metal bis(trifluoroacetate) salt in trifluoroacetic acid.

An electrochemical cell includes a high voltage cathode configured to operate at 1.5 volts or greater; an anode including Mg; and an electrolyte including an ether solvent and a magnesium salt; wherein: a concentration of the magnesium salt in the ether is 1 M or greater.

Electrolytes for magnesium electrochemical cells

An electrolyte includes compounds of formula MXand MZ; and a solvent wherein Mis Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; Mis Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; X is a group forming a covalent bond with M; Z is a halogen or pseudo-halogen; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

Growing community of inventors

Westmont, IL, United States of America

Chen Liao