Gm Global Technolgoy Operations, Inc.

United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of Nasa

Charles W Wampler, Ii

Robert E Platt

Muhammad E Abdallah

Lyndon Bridgwater

Matthew J Reiland

Mark William Verbrugge

Jun-Mo Kang

Dave G Rich

Douglas Martin Linn

Chris A Ihrke

Myron A Diftler

Brian James Koch

Brian Hargrave

Nancy L Johnson

Alan L Browne

Nilesh D Mankame

Robin Stevenson

Roland J Menassa

James W Wells

Adam M Sanders

Frank Noble Permenter

Scott R Askew

Daniel R Baker

David M Reich

Thanh-Son Dao

Pei-chung Wang

Yuri Owechko

Christopher Paul Henry

Kyungnam Kim

Yang Chen

Gary Lee Jones

Andrew C Keefe

Swarup S Medasani

William B Barvosa-Carter

Suhas E Chelian

Shuoqin Wang

James R Salvador

Chaitanya Sankavaram

Patrick Frost

Debejyo Chakraborty

Azeem Sarwar

John Anthony Cafeo

Patricia M Laskowsky

Thomas A Yersak

Jeffrey S Piasecki

Mark Allen Smith

Donald R Davis

Anil Bika

Nicolaus A Radford

Michelle H Wiebenga

Ivan G Sears

Peter C Sun

Ronald Michael Lesperance

Joshua S Mehling

Robert O Ambrose

Adam H Parsons

Xiangxing Lu

Ciro A Spigno

Ryan B Moulliet

Robert J Platt, Jr

David R Warn

Wei Li

Vienny Nguyen

Donn W Glander

David A Field

Andrew J Cornelli

Neil David Mc Kay

Phillip A Strawser

Margaux LeBlanc

Gus Hatoum

S Michael Goza

Craig M Corcoran

Donald J McMillan

A battery system includes: switches; two battery modules, each of the two battery modules including three strings of battery cells configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to a first positive terminal via first ones of the switches; connected in parallel and to a second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings of battery cells, respectively; determine, using model predictive control, periods of phases, respectively, to balance SOCs of the battery modules; determine, using model predictive control, periods for the strings, respectively, to be connected during the phases to balance the SOCs of the strings of battery cells; and selectively actuate the switches based on the periods of the phases and the periods for the strings of battery cells.

Battery string state of charge balancing systems and methods

A battery system includes: two battery modules, each including three strings of battery cells that are configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to a first positive terminal via first ones of switches; connected in parallel and to a second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings of battery cells, respectively; determine, using model predictive control, periods of phases, respectively, to balance SOCs of the battery modules; determine, using model predictive control, periods for the strings, respectively, including setting one of the periods for one of the strings to be included in at least two of the phases; and selectively actuate the switches based on the periods of the phases and the periods for the strings of battery cells.

Battery string state of charge balancing with phase sharing

A battery system includes: two battery modules, each including three strings of battery cells that are configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to a first positive terminal via first ones of switches; connected in parallel and to a second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings, respectively; determine periods of phases, respectively, based on the SOCs; determine first periods for connecting ones of the strings in parallel; divide one of the phases into N equal length periods; selectively decrease N; when a number of the first periods that end closest to one of N period endings is at least a predetermined value, adjust the first periods to the respective closest ones of the N period endings.

Switch duration setting for battery string state of charge balancing

A battery system includes: at least two battery modules, where each of the at least two battery modules includes three strings of battery cells; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings of battery cells, respectively; determine, using model predictive control based on the SOCs, periods of phases, respectively; determine, using model predictive control based on the SOCs, periods for the strings, respectively, to be connected to a second positive terminal and a negative terminal during the phases, the determination of the periods for the strings including: setting the period for one of the strings of one of the battery modules to end before the end of a phase; and setting the periods for the other two strings of the one of the battery modules to end at the end of the phase.

Simplified switching for state of charge balancing of battery strings and modules

A system for an electric vehicle includes a hysteresis module configured to calculate a plurality of hysteresis state components of a battery based on a measured current and a respective hysteresis transit rate, calculate an overall hysteresis state of the battery based on the plurality of hysteresis state components, and calculate a hysteresis voltage of the battery based on the overall hysteresis state, and a state of charge (SOC) module configured to calculate an SOC of the battery based in part on the hysteresis voltage.

Battery state estimation based on multiple rates of hysteresis transit

A method for identifying a cell quality during cell formation includes: conducting a beginning of life cycling following an initial cell formation charge of multiple cells; collecting and preprocessing a discharge data set generated by one of the multiple cells during the beginning of life cycling; calculating a statistical variance from the discharge data set identifying an estimated probability of meeting a target cell usage time; and projecting a life span of the multiple cells.

Electrochemical methods for identification of cell quality

Presented are control systems for operating rechargeable electrochemical devices, methods for making/using such systems, and vehicles with intelligent battery charging and charging behavior feedback capabilities. A method of operating a rechargeable battery includes an electronic controller receiving battery data from a battery sensing device indicative of a battery state of charge (SOC). Using this battery data, the controller determines a number of low SOC excursions at which the battery SOC is below a predefined low SOC threshold and a number of high SOC excursions at which the battery SOC exceeds a predefined high SOC threshold. The controller then determines if the number of low SOC excursions exceeds a predefined maximum allowable low excursions and/or the number of high SOC excursions exceeds a predefined maximum allowable high excursions. If so, the controller responsively commands a resident subsystem to execute a control operation that mitigates degradation of the rechargeable battery.

Intelligent motor vehicles and control logic for managing charging of traction battery packs

A system includes a state of charge (SOC) calculation module configured to calculate an SOC of a battery cell based on a measured current of the battery cell and an overpotential calculation module configured to receive the measured current and output lagged currents based on the measured current and respective time constants, output a weighted measured current and weighted lagged currents based on a plurality of weighting factors, wherein a sum of the plurality of weighting factors is 1, calculate an equivalent constant current corresponding to the measured current based on the weighted measured current and the weighted lag currents, and calculate an overpotential of the battery cell based on the equivalent constant current. The system is configured to output a predicted voltage of the battery cell based on the calculated SOC and the calculated overpotential of the battery cell.

Battery state estimation using an equivalent constant current model of overpotential

An electrical system includes a battery pack, sensors, and a controller. The sensors configured output measured state signals indicative of an actual state of the battery back, including a respective actual voltage, current, and temperature of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller executes a method to generate, responsive to the measured state signals, an estimated state of the multiple battery cells using a respective open-circuit voltage and low-frequency transient voltage of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller estimates the low-frequency transient voltages using a porous electrode transient (PET) model as part of a model set, the PET model having open-circuit voltage elements representing uneven charge distribution within a cell electrode. State of charge (SOC) of the battery pack is estimated using the estimated voltages. An operating state of the electrical system is controlled in real-time responsive to the estimated SOC.

Battery state estimation using electrode transient model

An electrical system includes a battery, sensors, and a controller. The sensors output measured signals indicative of an actual state of the battery, including respective actual voltage, current, and temperature signals for each battery cell. The controller, in conducting a method, generates an estimated state of the battery, including a predicted voltage of the battery, doing so responsive to the signals using an open-circuit voltage and an output of an empirical model. An operating state of the electrical system is controlled using the estimated state. The empirical model includes low-pass/band-pass filters and a high-pass filter each with a different time-constant, the time-constants being spread over a time-constant range. Each low-pass/band-pass filter branches through a basis function(s) whose output(s) are multiplied by a respective resistance value to generate higher-frequency voltage transients. The controller sums the open-circuit voltage and voltage transients to derive the predicted voltage.

Battery state estimation using high-frequency empirical model with resolved time constant

System and method of controlling operation of a device having a rechargeable energy storage pack with a plurality of cells, based on propulsion loss assessment. A controller is configured to obtain a state of charge data and an open circuit voltage of the rechargeable energy storage pack. The controller is configured to obtain a state of charge disparity factor (dSOC) from a selected dataset. The state of charge disparity factor (dSOC) is defined as a difference between a minimum value of the state of charge and an average value of the state of charge of the plurality of cells. The controller is configured to control operation of the device based in part on the state of charge disparity factor (dSOC) and a plurality of parameters (P), including raising one or more of a plurality of flags each transmitting respective information to a user.

Controlling operation of device with rechargeable energy storage pack based on propulsion loss assessment

A number of variations may include a product comprising: an electrochemical device comprising an anode and a cathode, and at least one sensor comprising a plurality of strain sensing components and at least one temperature sensing component wherein each of the anode and the cathode comprises at least one strain sensing component comprising an optical fiber comprising at least one grating, wherein the at least one sensor is constructed and arranged to provide measurements that derive both state of charge and temperature of the anode and the cathode simultaneously.

Electrochemical device sensor and method of making and using the same

A number of variations may include a product comprising: at least one sensor comprising an optical fiber comprising a first end comprising a semiconductor material, a second end, and a longitudinal midsection comprising a grating, wherein the sensor is constructed and arranged to provide measurements that derive both state of charge and temperature of an electrochemical device simultaneously.

Sensor and method of making and using the same

A number of variations include a method, which may include using at least a segment of voltage-based Battery State Estimation data, and using real-time linear regression, which may be a method of estimating future behavior of a system based on current and previous data points, to provide a robust and fast-adapting impedance response approximator. Linear regression may be performed by forming an RC circuit which is 'equivalent' to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data and processing the runtime values of that RC circuit using any number of known real-time linear regression algorithms including, but not limited, to a weighted recursive least squares (WRLS), Kalman filter or other means.

State of charge estimator and methods of making and using the same

A manufacturing fixture includes a rigid base defining a control plane. A first cone locator pin has a first longitudinal axis. The first cone locator pin is connected to the rigid base with the first longitudinal axis orthogonal to the control plane to engage a complementary locating aperture defined in a workpiece. The first cone locator pin engages the complementary locating aperture to locate the workpiece and constrain translation of the workpiece with respect to the control plane. A second cone locator pin has a second longitudinal axis. The second cone locator pin is connected to the rigid base with the second longitudinal axis orthogonal to the control plane to engage a complementary locating hole defined in a workpiece. The second cone locator pin engages the complementary locating hole to locate the workpiece and prevent rotation of the workpiece about the first longitudinal axis.

Manufacturing fixture

Growing community of inventors

Birmingham, MI, United States of America

Charles W Wampler, Ii