Exxon Research and Engineering Company

Chang S Hsu

Alexis A Oswald

Edmund John Mozeleski

George M Kramer

Edwin R Ernst

Ram N Bhatia

Alexandr P Glivicky

John R Hooton

Barry G Brueggeman

Charles M Smith

Abhimanyu Onkar Patil

Stanley J Brois

Teh Chung Ho

Saul Charles Blum

Gopal H Singhal

Peter S Maa

Ronald Liotta

Viktor Buchholz

Winston K Robbins

Richard T Garner

Wolfgang W Schulz

Peter B Grosshans

Zhenmin Liang

Gerald Dennis Dupre

The present invention is directed to a method for determining the halogen toxicity level in a sample containing halogenated compounds, specifically halogen containing rubbers by utilizing thermal electrons formed inside a mass spectrometer operated at negative ion electron capture conditions. The method allows for detection of the toxic species from the parts per million level, down to the parts per billion levels. The method comprises the steps of (a) ionizing a reagent gas capable of producing thermal electrons having a thermal energy of 0 to 10 eV with the a polychromatic ion source of a mass spectrometer to produce thermal electrons having thermal energy of 0 to 10 eV, (b) capturing said thermal electrons with a halogen containing compound to form halogen atomic anions or halogen atomic cluster anions wherein said halogen containing compound has been passed through a gas chromatograph prior to said capturing of thermal electrons and wherein a mass spectrogram is obtained following said capturing of electrons, (c) speciating and quantifying said halogen atomic anions or halogen atomic cluster anions using a mass chromatogram produced from a combination of said gas chromatography and said mass spectrometer.

Detection and monitoring of toxic halogenated compounds

The instant invention is directed to a process for removing hard sulfurs from hydrocarbon streams by selectively oxidizing hard sulfurs in a hydrotreated stream, under oxidizing conditions in the presence of an effective amount of an oxidizing agent, wherein the oxidizing agent is a peroxometal complex and wherein the hard sulfurs are oxidized into the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones.

Process for deep desulfurization using combined hydrotreating-oxidation

The present invention is a method to distinguish and measure normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and naphthenes in a saturated hydrocarbon mixture. The method includes the step of field-ionizing hydrocarbon mixture; separating the normal paraffins, isoparaffins and naphthenes as a separate saturates class; and detecting the normal paraffins as molecular ions, naphthenes as molecular ions, and isoparaffins as fragment ions.

Direct analysis of paraffin and naphthene types in hydrocarbon

This invention relates to novel compositions of matter comprising free radical adducts of a fullerene with one or more saturated hydrocarbons having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 200 to about ten million. Attachment of saturated hydrocarbons to as many as fourteen sites on the fullerene surface can be achieved via free radical initiated reactions. Fullerenes also add to saturated hydrocarbons with functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxy, and carboalkoxy radicals in the presence of a free radical initiator. Said radical adducts of substantially saturated hydrocarbons with fullerenes react further with alkylamines and polyamines to produce new compositions. The radical adducts, and their aminated derivatives are useful as dispersants and viscosity modifiers in lubricants. In the presence of free radical initiators, said fullerenes can also crosslink substantially saturated polymers having number average molecular weight ranging from about 50,000 to about 500,000. The crosslinked polymers, are useful as new membranes and composites.

Free radical adducts of fullerenes with hydrocarbons and polymers

A process for depolymerizing coal at low temperatures by contacting finely divided coal with a hard acid and soft base.

Coal depolymerization utilizing hard acid/soft base

A process for hydroprocessing coal to hydrocarbon oils wherein coal is depolymerized at low temperatures by contacting finely divided coal with a hard acid and soft base. The depolymerized coal is then hydroprocessed to hydrocarbon oils by forming a mixture with a coal conversion catalyst or precursor thereof, and hydroprocessing the mixture at temperatures of from 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. and hydrogen partial pressures of from 2100 to 35000 kPa.

Coal depolymerization and hydroprocessing

A catalytic process for the hydroformylation of olefinic, sulfur containing thermally cracked petroleum streams to produce aldehydes and/or alcohols is disclosed. The catalysts are homogeneous transition metal carbonyl complexes. Especially preferred catalysts for low and medium pressure hydroformylation are cobalt and rhodium carbonyl hydride complexes in which some of the carbonyl ligands have been replaced by trivalent phosphorus ligands. In a preferred high pressure hydroformylation, the sulfur-containing naphtha and gas oil distillate feeds are proudced from vacuum residue by high temperature thermal cracking. Such feeds contain more than 20% olefins with 1-n-olefins as the single major types. These olefin components are hydroformylated in the presence of a cobalt cabonyl complex to produce a novel type of semilinear aldehyde and/or alcohol product containing an average of less than one alkyl branch per molecule. The alcohols are converted to dialkyl phthalates and other esters having a unique balance of plasticizer properties. They are also useful for producing novel surfactants, particularly ethoxylated derivatives. For the preparation of products containing minimal concentrations of sulfur compounds, narrow distillate fractions of thermally cracked residua are preferred. In the C.sub.6 to C.sub.11 carbon range, single carbon fractions of sharply reduced aromatic hydrocarbon and thiophenic sulfur content can be obtained. These fractions of increased linear olefin content can be advantageously used as hydroformylation feeds in the derivation of low sulfur containing alcohols and related products of increased linearity.

Process for the hydroformylation of sulfur-containing thermally cracked

A catalytic process for the hydroformylation of olefinic, sulfur containing thermally cracked petroleum streams to produce aldehydes and/or alcohols is disclosed. The catalysts are homogeneous transition metal carbonyl complexes. Especially preferred catalysts for low and medium pressure hydroformylation are cobalt and rhodium carbonyl hydride complexes in which some of the carbonyl ligands have been replaced by trivalent phosphorus ligands. In a preferred high pressure hydroformylation, the sulfur-containing naphtha and gas oil distillate feeds are produced from vacuum residue by high temperature thermal cracking. Such feeds contain more than 20% olefins with 1-n-olefins as the single major types. These olefin components are hydroformylated in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl complex to produce a novel type of semilinear aldehyde and/or alcohol product containing an average of less than one alkyl branch per molecule. The alcohols are converted to dialkyl phthalates and other esters having a unique balance of plasticizer properties. They are also useful for producing novel surfactants, particularly ethoxylated derivatives. For the preparation of products containing minimal concentrations of sulfur compounds, narrow distillate fractions of thermally cracked residua are preferred. In the C.sub.6 to C.sub.11 carbon range, single carbon fractions of sharply reduced aromatic hydrocarbon and thiophenic sulfur content can be obtained. These fractions of increased linear olefin content can be advantageously used as hydroformylation feeds in the derivation of low sulfur containing alcohols and related products of increased linearity.

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Bridgewater, NJ, United States of America

Chang S Hsu