Covidien LP

Tyco Electronics Corporation

Raychem Limited

Carolyn Gaye Ford

Alexander M Waskiewicz

Eric J Larson

Peter Gade Ruether

The electrosurgical systems and methods of the present disclosure include a tissue resistance measurement system that compensates for capacitive parasitics in a cable connecting an electrosurgical generator to and electrosurgical cable to estimate the real resistance of a tissue load. The electrosurgical generator includes an output stage coupled to an electrical energy source and generates electrosurgical energy. The electrosurgical generator includes a plurality of sensors sensing a voltage and current of the electrosurgical energy and a controller controlling the output stage. The controller includes a calculator that calculates a real part of an impedance based on the sensed voltage and current, an estimator that estimates a resistance of the tissue using a solution to a quadratic equation that is a function of the real part of the impedance, and a control signal generator configured to generate a control signal for the output stage based on the resistance of the tissue.

Systems and methods for measuring tissue impedance through an electrosurgical cable

A codec supports PCM modem communications (e.g., V.90, X2, or K56flex protocols) over a universal digital loop carrier (UDLC) having an analog interface to the central office (CO). The codec includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that is synchronized to the CO clock, and an equalizer that has been trained to provide a transfer function to compensate for the distortion introduced by the CO line interface reconstruction filter and connecting circuits, to minimize resampling error. The features allow the codec to output a PCM stream that accurately reproduces the PCM data at the central office, at data rates sufficient to support PCM modem communications, as well as voice and conventional modem communications.

Codec supporting PCM modem communications over a universal digital loop

A codec supports PCM modem communications (e.g., V.90, X2, or K56flex protocols) over a universal digital loop carrier (UDLC) having an analog interface to the central office (CO). The codec includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that is synchronized to the CO clock, and an equalizer that has been trained to provide a transfer function to compensate for the distortion introduced by the CO line interface reconstruction filter and connecting circuits, to minimize resampling error. These features allow the codec to output a PCM stream that accurately reproduces the PCM data at the central office, at data rates sufficient to support PCM modem communications, as well as voice and conventional modem communications. The equalizer can be trained using a remote training unit that transmits a predetermined sequence of training signals to the equalizer. The connection to the training unit can be over a local central office telephone call or over a wide area network that can be accessed through a switched connection. In one embodiment, the equalizer comprises a feed-forward linear equalizer followed by a decision feedback equalizer.

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Louisville, CO, United States of America

Carolyn Gaye Ford