Mobil Oil Corporation

Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated

Carl R Mackerer

Gary R Blackburn

Timothy A Roy

Ceinwen A Schreiner

Frederick C Loveless

Thomas J Giacobbe

Norman J Novick

Edward N Ladov

Nigel Searle

Maureen H Feuston

Lawrence K Low

Arshavir E Mekitarian

Choudari Kommineni

Henry H Ashjian

Joseph J Yang

Douglas G Placek

Lawrence Goldstein

George Cruzan

Thomas P O'Brien

George E Cox

John F Dooley

A process for reducing the mutagenicity of a coal-tar-based product containing polynuclear aromatic compounds. The process includes the step of contacting the coal-tar-based product in the presence of an alkylating agent with an acid catalyst under alkylation conditions sufficient to reduce the mutagenicity of the polynuclear aromatic containing coal-tar-based material to a level less than the initial mutagenicity index value. Also provided are non-carcinogenic coal-tar-derived products.

Process for producing non-carcinogenic coal-tar-derived products

It is disclosed that succinic acid and its derivatives that contain a branched aliphatic group on the 2 or alpha position of succinic acid form surfactants that exhibit a high order of or bioresistance to bacteriological degradation. Further, it has been discovered that these novel surfactants can be employed to prepare novel oil-in-water emulsions with lube oils such as mineral oil that are effective as cutting fluids for machining operations but provide an improved resistance to biodegradation to the cutting oil so formulated, without resorting to the inclusion of conventional biocides in the formulation. It has also been discovered that the bioresistance of the cutting fluid emulsion formulation can be further enhanced by using a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon oligomer or polymer as the lubricative component in the formulation. Cutting fluid emulsions so formulated are effective fluids in prolonging tool life and facilitating machining operations.

Bioresistant surfactants and cutting oil formulations

Methods are provided for the remediation of sites containing coal tar compositions that contain polynuclear aromatic compounds. The remediation entails altering the coal tar compositions to substantially decrease the bioavailability of the polynuclear aromatic compounds. The process includes the contacting and blending of the coal tar with petroleum coke for a time sufficient to produce a uniform admixture. The weight ratio of the petroleum coke to coal tar is generally from about 1:1 to about 10:1. Processes are also disclosed for the determination of the proper blending ratio to achieve a necessary level of remediation.

Process for coal tar remediation

A synthetic hydrocarbon-based material for direct use in foods and pharmaceuticals which includes a hydrogenated oligomer of an alpha olefin having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

Polyalpha olefins for food and pharmaceutical applications

A process for reducing the mutagenicity of a polynuclear aromatic containing material containing from three to seven fused aromatic rings, especially a hydrocarbon refinery stream. The process reduces the initial mutagenicity index to a lower value by alkylating the compound with an alkylating agent which introduces an alkyl substituent having from three to five carbon atoms into the aromatic compound in the presence of an acid catalyst under alkylation conditions.

Process for reducing polynuclear aromatic mutagenicity by alkylation

The invention relates to bioresistant surfactants and cutting fluid compositions which utilize them. The surfactants consist of soaps of carboxylic acid compounds having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, the carbon skeleton of which is branched and not straight chain. It is the branching which lends the resistance to biodegradation to the products of the invention. Further enhanced bioresistance may be obtained by utilizing a branched lubricating basestock material in the cutting fluid composition.

Surfactants and cutting oil formulations using these surfactants which

A synthetic oil for the cooking and frying of foods which includes a hydrogenated oligomer of an alpha olefin having to 20 carbon atoms. The synthetic oil of the present invention is not readily digestible in mammals and provides a non-toxic, safe low-caloric, low-metabolic fat content substitute for vegetable oils.

Synthetic polyalpha olefin cooking and frying oil

Non-carcinogenic asphalts and asphalt blending stocks are produced from reduced hydrocarbon feedstocks. Such non-carcinogenic products are produced by establishing a functional relationship between mutagenicity index and a physical property correlative of hydrocarbon type for the asphalt or asphalt blending stock and determining a critical physical property level which, when achieved, results in a product having a mutagenicity index of less than about 1.0. Process conditions are established so that a product stream achieving the desired physical property level can be produced. Non-carcinogenic asphalts and asphalt blending stocks are then processed utilizing the conditions so established.

Non-carcinogenic asphalts and asphalt blending stocks

Non-carcinogenic bright stock extracts and/or deasphalted oils are produced from reduced hydrocarbon feedstocks. Such non-carcinogenic products are produced by establishing a functional relationship between mutagenicity index and a physical property correlative of hydrocarbon type for the bright stock extract or deasphalted oil and determining a critical physical property level which, when achieved, results in a product having a mutagenicity index of less than about 1.0. Process conditions are established so that a product stream achieving the desired physical property level can be produced. Non-carcinogenic bright stock extracts and/or deasphalted oils are then processed utilizing the conditions so established. A bright stock extract and a deasphalted oil substantially free from mutagenic activity, as well as processes for their production are also provided herein.

Non-carcinogenic bright stock extracts and deasphalted oils

Non-carcinogenic bright stock extracts and/or deasphalted oils are produced from reduced hydrocarbon feedstocks. Such non-carcinogenic products are produced by establishing a functional relationship between mutagenicity index and a physical property correlative of hydrocarbon type for the bright stock extract or deasphalted oil and determining a critical physical property level which, when achieved, results in a product having a mutagenicity index of less than about 1.0. Process conditions are established so that a product stream achieving the desired physical property level can be produced. Non-carcinogenic bright stock extracts and/or deasphalted oils are then processed utilizing the conditions so established. A bright stock extract and a deasphalted oil substantilly free from mutagenic activity, as well as processes for their production are also provided herein.

A substantially non-carcinogenic light lubricant and a process for its production. The process comprises the step of blending an effective amount of a substantially non-tumorigenic vacuum distilled hydrocarbon oil of luricating viscosity with a tumorigenic atmospheric distilled light hydrocarbon oil, the tumorigenic light hydrocarbon oil having an initial boiling point of at least 250.degree. F., wherein the resultant blend is substantially non-carcinogenic and of lubricating viscosity.

Non-carcinogenic light lubricants and a process for producing same

1-Bromopinacolone is a microbial biocide that is highly effective in suppressing the growth of bacteria, fungi and algae which can occur during storage and use of hydrocarbon oils including gasoline, jet fuel and heating oil. It is particularly effective in emulsifiable oils for metal working, such as cutting oils and rolling oils.

Metalworking fluid composition

A method for rapidly and reliably determining the potential carcinogenic activity of hydrocarbon mixtures which is especially useful for those of petroleum origin. A sample of the mixture is nitrated under conditions effective to convert the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons to their nitrated derivatives, and without separation of the nitrated components, the product is incubated with an inoculum of Salmonella typhimurium tester strain T98. The excessive production of revertant colonies is a measure of the mutagenic activity of the oil, and this measure is shown to correlate with dermal carcinogenic activity.

Method for evaluating mutagenicity

A very rapid, sensitive method if provided for determination of the potential mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity of certain petroleum oils by nitration of the oil and comparison of the light absorbance of its nitrated material with that obtained from one or more oils of known mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity.

Assaying of polynuclear aromatic compounds

This invention provides a biochemical method for determining the presence of toxic or mutagenic aldehyde in a test article. A sample of the test article is treated with an aldehyde dehydrogenase, such as formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and the change of growth characteristics of an indicator cell produced by the treatment are used for the determination.

Growing community of inventors

Pennington, NJ, United States of America

Carl R Mackerer