Combustion Engineering, Inc.

Alstom Technology Limited

General Electric Technology Gmbh

Carl R Bozzuto

Joseph David Bianca

Walter Franklin Siddall

Herbert E Andrus, Jr

Arun K Mehta

Corinne Beal

Mark Palkes

Andreas Brautsch

Paul R Thibeault

Gregory N Liljedahl

John H Chiu

Michel Vandycke

Michal Tadeusz Bialkowski

Carl H Neuschaefer

Francis T Matthews

Scott L Darling

Laurent Maghdissian

Prabhudas P Kantesaria

Donn Lewis Dixson

Herschel A Klein

Lawrence J Jacobs

Jr Herbert E Andrus

A method for operating a combustion chamber is provided. The method includes introducing a fuel into the combustion chamber via a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle having an associated stoichiometry for an output end of the nozzle. The method further includes measuring the stoichiometry of each nozzle via one or more sensors to obtain stoichiometric data, and determining that at least one of a frequency and an amplitude of spectral line fluctuations derived from the stoichiometric data has exceeded a threshold. The method further includes adjusting the stoichiometry of at least one of the nozzles based at least in part on the stoichiometric data so as to maintain a flame stability of the combustion chamber.

System and method for operating a combustion chamber

A hot solids process selectively operable for purposes of generating at least one predetermined output based on what the specific nature of the primary purpose of the hot solids process is for which the at least one predetermined output that is selected from a multiplicity of predetermined outputs, such as H2 and CO2, is being produced, and wherein such primary purpose of the hot solids process is designed to be pre-selected from a group of primary purposes of the hot solids process that includes at least two of the generation of H2 for electric power purposes, the generation of SynGas for electric power production as well as for other industrial uses, the production of steam for electric power generation as well as for other uses, the production of process heat, the production of CO2 for agricultural purposes, and the generation of a feedstock such as H2 for use for the production of liquid hydrocarbons.

Hot solids process selectively operable based on its primary purpose

A system is described wherein a boileris integrated with an oxygen producing device. Combustion heat generated in the boileris used to generate steam in the boiler and is also applied to at least one of a sweep gas streamand a feed gas streamto ensure that the sweep gas and feed gas streamsare provided at the appropriate temperature to the oxygen producing device. Flue gas generated by fuel combustion within the combustion chambermay be used as the sweep gas stream, in which case, the flue gas exiting the oxygen producing deviceincludes the oxygen removed from the feed gas stream. The flue gas/oxygen mixture may be used for fuel combustion within the combustion chamber, and may be provided to an oxygen separatorfor removing oxygen from the flue gas. Sensible heat contained in the oxygen depleted feed gas from the oxygen producing devicemay be recovered by the feed gas stream

Boiler having an integrated oxygen producing device

An improved gas turbine combined cycle system having a diffuser duct between the gas turbine and steam generator. The diffuser duct has boundary layer suction to prevent gas jet separation, thereby reducing pressure loss and improving gas velocity profiles in the duct, while eliminating the need for internal flow controls. The gas turbine combined cycle system can be vertically oriented to reduce the plan area of the system and provide for convenient use of a symmetrical diffuser duct and the use of forced circulation on the water side of the steam generator.

Gas turbine combined cycle system

A pulverized coal steam generator employing tangential, concentric firing with oxidizing conditions adjacent the furnace walls and using overfire air and low NO.sub.x firing methods is operated at very low excess air levels. This is possible because the unburned carbon in the flyash is measured and the pulverizers are adjusted to control the particles size of the pulverized coal and maintain a desired carbon level. The slagging and corrosion associated with deep staging is overcome by the concentric firing. Overall plant efficiency is obtained while still meeting performance objectives and emissions controls.

Low emission and low excess air steam generating system and method

A process for producing hydrocarbons suitable for use as a chemical feedstock uses coal (10) and methane-rich gas (56) as raw materials. The coal and gas are heated over 6000.degree. F. (3316.degree. C.) in an electric-arc (14) forming an atomic plasma (16). The plasma is cooled and held (18) between 5000.degree. and 6000.degree. F. (2760.degree. and 3316.degree. C.) to allow formation of the desired hydrocarbons. The product stream (22) is then quenched (24) and the hydrocarbons separated (40, 42).

Acetylene from coal and an electric arc

A magnetohydrodynamic generator (30) is fired with a clean, medium BTU combustible gas produced in an oxygen atmosphere. The combustible gas is generated in an oxygen blown coal gasifier (10) and cleaned of sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and particulate matter before being delivered to the burner (32) of the MHD generator (30). An air separation plant (70) is provided to supply oxygen to both the MHD burner (32) and the coal gasifier (10). Nitrogen from the air separation plant (70) is preheated and utilized to dry the coal supplied to the gasifier (10). A vapor generator (40) is disposed downstream of the MHD generator (30) to receive and cool the hot gases exiting therefrom thereby generating steam.

Oxygen blown coal gasifier supplying MHD-steam power plant

A method for recovering ammonia from spent ammonia-base sulfite pulping liquor includes steam stripping spent ammonia and condensing the resulting vapor to produce a dilute ammonia or ammonium hydroxide solution. This dilute solution is passed through a cation exchange column to produce an ammonium sulfite-ammonium bisulfite solution which is delivered to a sulfur dioxide absorption tower to thereby produce a concentrated ammonia-base sulfite cooking liquor. The residual liquor from the stripping step and the non-condensable gases are burned as fuel and the waste gases from this burning, which contain a small percentage of sulfur dioxide, are delivered to the absorption tower and subsequently discharged to the atmosphere free of sulfur dioxide and ammonia.

Method for recovery and reuse of ammonia in ammonia-base sulfite cooking

A steam generating diffuser comprising a plurality of heat exchange tubes arranged to form a horizontally disposed, longitudinally elongated open-ended divergent duct. A refractory lining is laid up around the inner surface of the divergent duct so as to protect the heat exchange tubes. The inlet of each heat exchange tube is connected to a lower water distribution header disposed beneath the duct and the outlet of each heat exchange tube is connected to an upper steam and water distribution header disposed above the duct. Each tube provides a fluid flow path between the lower and upper headers which is continuously upwardly directed.

Steam generating magnetohydrodynamic diffuser

An atmospheric pressure coal gasifier is combined with a MHD generator and a vapor generator to provide an entirely coal-fueled power generating system. The combustible low BTU gas formed in the gasifier is passed through a gas cleaner wherein particulate atter, gaseous sulfur compounds, and char are removed to produce a clean combustible low BTU gas. A first portion of the clean combustible low BTU gas and the char are passed to the burner of the MHD generator as a source of fuel. A second portion of the clean combustible low BTU gas is passed to a direct-fired air heater as a source of fuel for preheating the combustion air supplied to the burner of the MHD generator.

Coal gasifier supplying MHD-steam power plant

The Air Quality Control System utilizes the reaction between nitrogen oxides and the sulfites and bisulfites which are produced as a slurry of lime/limestone absorbs sulfur dioxide from a mixture of gases to produce ammonia from the absorption of nitrogen oxides.

Method for removing sulfur and nitrogen compounds from a gas mixture

A magnetohydrodynamic generator discharges its gases to a vapor generator. A portion of the heat discharged to the vapor generator is recovered to elevate the temperature of the combustion air to the MHD burner. The burner discharge of an atmospheric heater further raises the temperature of the combustion air. The MHD exhaust gases passed through the vapor generator and the gases discharged from the atmospheric heater are combined to superheat the generated vapor and feed liquid to the vapor generator.

Vapor generator and MHD power plant

A system and method are described in which sulfur-containing flue gases are contacted with a solution containing excess calcium or magnesium bicarbonate. The sulfur oxides are reacted with the bicarbonate producing soluble bisulfites. This solution is then oxidized for pH control to produce calcium or magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid. Dolomite or limestone or similar additives are then introduced to precipitate sulfates and to regenerate the bicarbonate solution for recycle to the scrubber.

Air pollution control system and method

Gases containing SO.sub.2 from a furnace are contacted in the scrubbing zone of a scrubber with an aqueous scrubbing medium containing solid alkaline earth metal carbonate, seed crystals of alkaline earth metal sulfate and dissolved alkaline earth metal carbonate and sulfate and having a pH of from 6.0 to 6.5. The SO.sub.2 reacts to form sulfites and bisulfites. The scrubbing medium is then withdrawn from the scrubbing zone and discharged to a reaction tank. Air is blown through the scrubbing medium in the reaction tank and then up into and through the scrubber and scrubbing zone. The oxygen reacts with sulfite to form sulfate in both the reaction tank and the scrubbing zone. The amount of oxygen is controlled so that the pH in the scrubber will not drop below about 4.5 and so as to oxidize not more than about 30 to 50% of the sulfite. Fresh additives in the form of alkaline earth metal carbonate or alkaline earth metal oxide which has been formed by calcining alkaline earth metal carbonate in the furnace is also introduced into the reaction tank and the pH returned to 6.0 to 6.5. A portion of the medium from the reaction tank is returned to the scrubbing zone and the remainder is further treated with oxygen to convert the remaining sulfite to sulfate which is precipitated and separated from the liquid. The liquid is then returned to the scrubbing cycle.

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Enfield, CT, United States of America

Carl R Bozzuto