Topera, Inc.

University of California

The United States Government as Represented by the Department of Veterans Affairs

Carey Robert Briggs

Sanjiv Narayan

Ruchir Sehra

William Robert Macneil

Heather A Drury

Christopher Todd Schuster

The present invention comprises a system and method of conducting a publicly auditable election using secret ballots. The invention allows an elector to verify their ballot has been counted towards the result of an election in the manner in which it was cast. The elector is capable of cryptographically proving if their ballot has been altered or deleted. Any interested individual or entity is capable of auditing the election using an anonymized database of published ballots.

System and method for conducting a publicly auditable election with secret ballots

An example system and method associated with identifying and treating a source of a heart rhythm disorder are disclosed. In accordance therewith, a spatial element associated with a region of the heart is selected. Progressive rotational activations or progressive focal activations are determined in relation to the selected spatial element over a period of time. The selecting and determining are repeated over multiple periods of time. A source parameter of rotation activations or focal activations is determined, wherein the source parameter indicates consistency of successive rotational activations or focal activations in relation to a portion of the region of the heart. The determining of a source parameter is repeated for multiple regions of the heart. Thereafter, representation of the source parameter is displayed for each of the multiple regions of the heart to identify a shape representing the source of the heart rhythm disorder.

System and method of identifying sources associated with biological rhythm disorders

Provided are a system and method of generating an aggregated stability map of one or more rotational sources associated with a heart rhythm disorder. In accordance therewith, a plurality of rotational area profile maps is accessed for a plurality of analysis intervals. Each of the profile maps includes rotation intensity values for a plurality of locations associated with rotation of the one or more rotational sources. An aggregated stability map is generated based on the profile maps, wherein the stability map includes a plurality of locations. Each location includes a rotation intensity value based at least on a filter number of highest rotation intensity values from corresponding locations of the profile maps, the filter number being automatically determined from a plurality of filter numbers such that the plurality of profile maps as filtered includes a predetermined number of rotation intensity values in excess of a threshold intensity value.

System and method to define an aggregated stability map of a rotational source over a plurality of time intervals associated with a biological rhythm disorder

Provided is a system and method of generating an aggregated stability map of one or more rotational sources associated with a heart rhythm disorder. In accordance therewith, a plurality of rotational area profile maps is accessed for a plurality of analysis intervals. Each of the rotational area profile maps includes rotation intensity values for a plurality of locations associated with rotation of the one or more rotational sources. Thereafter, an aggregated stability map is generated map based on the plurality of rotational area profile maps, wherein the aggregated stability map includes a plurality of locations. Each location includes a rotation intensity value based at least on a filter level of highest rotation intensity values for that location from corresponding locations of the plurality of rotational area profile maps.

A system and method to target a biological rhythm disorder include processing cardiac signals via a computing device to determine a shape in a region of tissue defined by a source associated with the biological rhythm disorder that migrates spatially on or within the shape, and identifying at least one portion of the tissue proximate to the shape to enable selective modification of the at least one portion of tissue in order to terminate or alter the biological rhythm disorder.

System and method for targeting heart rhythm disorders using shaped ablation

An example system and method associated with identifying and treating a source of a heart rhythm disorder are disclosed. In accordance with therewith, a spatial element associated with a region of the heart is selected. Progressive rotational activations or progressive focal activations are determined in relation to the selected spatial element. A plurality of indexes of progressive rotational activations or progressive focal activations over time is formed. One or more indexes are selected from the plurality of indexes that indicate consistency of the successive rotational activations or the progressive focal activations in relation to a portion of the region of the heart.

A system and method to select segments of cardiac signals. Each of a plurality of segments in a first signal is correlated at a plurality of offsets to determine a highest correlation coefficient for each of the plurality of segments in the first signal. Each of a plurality of segments in a second signal is correlated at the plurality of offsets to determine a highest correlation coefficient for each of the plurality of segments in the second signal. A plurality of composite correlation coefficients is generated using highest correlation coefficients for segments of the first signal and segments of the second signal. The segments of the first and second signals are approximately contemporaneous. A set of segments including a segment from the first signal and a segment from the second signal is selected. The set is associated with a highest composite correlation coefficient from the plurality of composite correlation coefficients.

System and method to select signal segments for analysis of a biological rhythm disorder

Reconstruction of cardiac information associated with a heart rhythm disorder includes accessing a plurality of neighboring cardiac signals and eliminating far-field activations from the neighboring cardiac signals using one or more divergence criteria that define local activations, where the divergence criteria is associated with divergence among the plurality of neighboring cardiac signals. The local activations in the plurality of neighboring cardiac signals may be used to construct a clinical representation of the heart rhythm disorder.

System and method for reconstructing cardiac activation information

In a system and method for identifying a driver of a source associated with a heart rhythm disorder, data are accessed from a plurality of sensors representing biological activity in the heart. A first region and a second region of the heart, which comprise the source of the heart rhythm disorder, are identified. If the first region of the heart has repeating centrifugal activation and controls the second region of the heart for at least a predetermined number of beats, the first region is identified as controlling the source of the heart rhythm disorder.

System and method to identify sources associated with biological rhythm disorders

In a system and method of reconstructing cardiac activation information, pairs of cardiac signals obtained from a patient are accessed. The pairs have a first cardiac signal that is common among the pairs and second cardiac signals that are different among the pairs. The first cardiac signal and the second cardiac signals are processed to identify points of change in the first cardiac signal at which a derivative of the first cardiac signal diverges with respect to derivatives of the second cardiac signals. An activation onset time is assigned at a point in the first cardiac signal based on correspondence of the points of change to define a cardiac activation indicating a beat.

A system and method are provided to define a driver of a source associated with a cardiac rhythm disorder of a human heart. A plurality of cardiac signals associated with sensors arranged spatially in relation to an area of the heart are processed to determine a sequence of arcs of rotation in relation to the sensors over a time interval. Rotational directions of the arcs of rotation in the sequence are determined. The area of the heart is identified as controlling the source when the rotational directions of the arcs of rotation in the sequence continue in a same rotational direction in excess of a threshold.

A system and method are provided for identifying a driver of a source associated with a heart rhythm disorder. Data are accessed from a plurality of sensors representing biological activity in the heart. A local first region of the heart that has repeating activation and determine whether the first region controls a second distant region of the heart for at least a predetermined number of beats is identified. The first local region is assigned as a driver of a source of the heart rhythm disorder, the source including the first local region and the second distant region.

System and method to define drivers of sources associated with biological rhythm disorders

In a system and method of determining regularity associated with a rhythm disorder of a heart, a derivative of a first cardiac signal at a plurality of first time points is processed against a derivative of a second cardiac signal at a plurality of second time points to define a plurality of coordinate pairs of the first cardiac signal against the second cardiac signal. Thereafter, an index of regularity that exceeds a threshold is determined. The index of regularity indicates an approximate congruence of the plurality of coordinate pairs among the first cardiac signal and the second cardiac signal.

System and method of identifying sources for biological rhythms

In a system and method for reconstructing cardiac activation information, an analysis cardiac signal and a reference cardiac signal are accessed and processed to determine a first point of change in the analysis cardiac signal at which a derivative of the analysis cardiac signal diverges with respect to a derivative of the reference cardiac signal. The signals are processed to determine a second point of change in the analysis cardiac signal at which a different derivative of the analysis cardiac signal with respect to a different derivative of the reference cardiac signal. An activation onset time is assigned in the analysis cardiac signal at a point based on a mathematical association among the first point of change and the second point of change to define cardiac activation indicating a beat in the analysis cardiac signal.

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La Jolla, CA, United States of America

Carey Robert Briggs