Stmicroelectronics S.r.l.

Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte Limited

Bruno Biffi

Fabrizio Simone Rovati

Emiliano Mario Piccinelli

Andrea Lorenzo Vitali

Xueren Zhang

Daniele Bagni

Tong Yan Tee

Gianluca Filippini

Federico Giovanni Ziglioli

Flavio Benussi

A force sensor to measure a force from a load includes a plunger, a flexible disc-shaped membrane, a support plate and a silicon die. The plunger is configured to receive the force from the load, and has a ring-shaped groove at the lower surface. The membrane has a ring-shaped upper bump at the upper surface configured to complementarily fit into the groove at the lower surface of plunger and a ring-shaped lower bump at lower upper surface. The support plate has a ring-shaped groove for complementary fit into the lower bump on the lower surface of the membrane. The silicon die is centrally mounted on the membrane and comprises piezo-resistors with resistance that varies when deformed by the force. Force received by the plunger is transmitted to the membrane, causing the membrane to flex and bending or compressing of the silicon die, resulting in the measurement of the force.

Piezo-resistive force sensor with bumps on membrane structure

A moving-image signal, such as typically a luminance signal organized in blocks of pixels is coded via a technique that envisages the steps of: comparing a block to be coded with a plurality of candidate prediction blocks; determining, for each candidate prediction block, a respective value of an index representing the difference between the block to be coded and each candidate prediction block; and choosing between the candidate prediction blocks, as a function of the respective value of the aforesaid index, a prediction block to be used for coding of the block to be coded. The signal is sampled pixel by pixel on the block to be coded and on the plurality of candidate prediction blocks, thus generating respective surfaces representing the pattern of the signal in the block to be coded and in the candidate prediction blocks. Chosen as an index is an index of the parallelism between the aforesaid respective surfaces.

Method and system for coding moving image signals, corresponding computer program product

A method for controlling the bit-rate of a bitstream of encoded video signals at a variable bitrate, the bitstream being generated by compressing a video sequence of moving pictures, wherein each picture comprises a plurality of macroblocks of pixels compressed by any of transform coding, temporal prediction, bi-dimensional motion compensated interpolation or combinations thereof, to produce any of I and/or P and/or B frames, the method involving quantization of said macroblocks effected as a function of a quantization parameter. The method includes defining a target bit-rate as well as maximum positive and negative error values between the target bit-rate and an average value of the current bit-rate of the bitstream, controlling the current bit-rate in order to constrain it between said maximum positive and negative error values, and defining an allowed range of variation for updating at least one reference parameter representative of the average value of the quantization parameter over each picture, wherein said allowed range is determined as a function of the target bit-rate and the maximum positive and negative error values.

Method and apparatus for variable bit-rate control in video encoding systems and computer program product therefor

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Codogno, Italy

Bruno Biffi