Chevron U.s.a. Inc.

Chevron Research Company

Chevron Research & Technology Company

Other

Bruce E Stangeland

Robert W Bachtel

David C Kramer

David S Smith

James T McCall

Georgieanna L Scheuerman

Krishniah Parimi

David R Johnson

Bruce Edward Reynolds

Dennis R Cash

Bruce E Powell

Harold F Mason

Ralph M Forde

Georgieanne L Scheuerman

Alan G Bridge

A method and catalyst mixture for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed stream through a moving catalyst bed having a catalyst mixture and contained within a single onstream reactor vessel. The reactor vessel contains the catalyst mixture which includes two or more different and distinct catalyst for any hydroprocessing application. The different and distinct catalyst have different catalyst density and are designed for a different function, such as HDM and HDN. The different and distinct catalysts can also have different average residence times if their densities and physical properties are properly selected.

Catalyst and method for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed stream in a

A distributor assembly for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon mixture of hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon is presented. The distributor assembly has a circular plate with a plurality of hollow risers bound thereto for distributing hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon through openings in the circular plate member. Each of the hollow risers has a tubular opening In its associated side. The distributor assembly is connected to an internal wall of a reactor. A method is also presented for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising flowing a mixture of hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon into a reactor zone to produce evolved hydrogen-containing gas; and flowing the mixture of hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon through a plurality of tubular zones while admixing simultaneously therewith the evolved hydrogen-containing gas.

Gas-pocket distributor and method for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed

A distributor assembly for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon mixture of hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon is presented. The distributor assembly has a circular plate with a plurality of hollow risers bound thereto for distributing hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon through openings in the circular plate member. Each of the hollow risers has a tubular opening in its associated side. The distributor assembly is connected to an internal wall of a reactor. A method is also presented for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising flowing a mixture of hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon into a reactor zone to produce evolved hydrogen-containing gas; and flowing the mixture of hydrogen-containing gas and liquid hydrocarbon through a plurality of tubular zones while admixing simultaneously therewith the evolved hydrogen-containing gas.

Gas pocket distributor for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed stream

This invention makes possible substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed to fill substantially the entire volume of a reactor vessel by introducing the fluids as alternate annular rings of gas and liquid (i.e. a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon and a hydrogen-containing gas) at a rate insufficient to levitate or ebullate the catalyst bed. Catalyst are selected by density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebullation of the packed bed at the design feed rates. Catalysts are selected by measuring bed expansion, such as in a large pilot plant run, with hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and catalyst at the design pressures and flow velocities. The liquid and gas components of the feed flow into the bed in alternate annular rings across the full area of the bed. At the desired flow rate, such catalyst continually flows in a plug-like manner downwardly through the reactor vessel by introducing fresh catalyst at the top of the catalyst bed by laminarly flowing such catalyst in a liquid stream on a periodic or semicontinuous basis. Catalyst is similarly removed by laminarly flowing catalyst particles in a liquid stream out of the bottom of the catalyst bed. Intake for such flow is out of direct contact with the stream of gas flowing through the bed and the flow path is substantially constant in cross-sectional area and greater in diameter by several times than the diameter of the catalyst particles. The catalyst of this invention produces a plug-flowing substantially packed bed of hydroprocessing catalyst which occupies at least about 75% by volume of the reactor volume.

Catalyst, method and apparatus for an on-stream particle replacement

A multi-bed, down-flow reactor includes several distributor assemblies, each having a centrally located mixing chamber and an annular collecting and mixing trough surrounding the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber has an inlet at one side thereof, an outlet in its bottom wall, and a quench gas inlet in its top wall above the outlet. A divider wall traverses the annular trough adjacent to the inlet to cause the pool of liquid collected in the trough to flow in a circular pattern around the mixing chamber to the inlet. This ensures that the liquid circulating through the trough is well mixed with the liquid raining down from the catalyst bed. Turbulent and spiraling flow patterns generated within the chamber further mix the liquid and gas and entrain quench gas in the liquid and gas stream.

Distributor assembly for multi-bed down-flow catalytic reactors

Catalyst method and apparatus for an on-stream particle replacement

This invention makes possible substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed to fill substantially the entire volume of a reactor vessel by introducing the fluids as alternate annular rings of gas and liquid (i.e. a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon and a hydrogen-containing gas) at a rate insufficient to levitate or ebullate the catalyst bed. Catalyst are selected by density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebullation of the packed bed at the design feed rates. Catalysts are selected by measuring bed expansion, such as in a large pilot plant run, with hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and catalyst at the design pressures and flow velocities. The liquid and gas components of the feed flow into the bed in alternate annular rings across the full area of the bed. At the desired flow rate, such catalyst continually flows in a plug-like manner downwardly through the reactor vessel by introducing fresh catalyst at the top of the catalyst bed by laminarly flowing such catalyst in a liquid stream on a periodic or semicontinuous basis. Catalyst is similarly removed by laminarly flowing catalyst particles in a liquid stream out of the bottom of the catalyst bed.

On-stream catalyst replacement hydroprocessing method wherein an upstream mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid counter flows through a downwardly moving bed of hydroprocessing catalyst in a reactor vessel. The mixed feed stream of hydrogen and liquid hydrocarbon components enters a surge zone between the lower end of the reactor and a plenum zone to form a common pool under a conical support for the lower end of the downflowing catalyst bed. The mixed feed enters the plenum chamber through a plurality of passageways extending downwardly from the plenum zone to the same depth adjacent the lower end of the surge zone so that the liquid component normally prevents hydrogen from establishing independent paths before entering the plenum zone. Separation of the hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid components from the mixed feed is thus assured to occur in the plenum zone directly below the pervious conical support to form a plurality of stepped concentric local reservoir rings under the conical support. Such rings are spaced apart sufficiently to create adjacent and alternate separate feed rings of hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid. The depth of the lower end of each ring is intermediate the depth of the two radially adjacent concentric rings to maintain uniform feed of hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across the full cross-sectional area of the downflowing catalyst particles.

Method of hydroprocessing

A method of fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feed which for rapid separation of the fluid catalytic cracking catalyst from the mixture of gases and products, utilizes a U-turn inertial separator directly coupled to cyclone separation.

FCC process with rapid separation of products

On-stream catalyst replacement apparatus for countercurrent upstream flow of a gas and hydrocarbon liquid through a downward moving catalyst bed in a reactor vessel. A mixed feed stream of gas and liquid hydrocarbon components enters a reservoir formed between the lower end of the reactor and a conical screen supporting the lower end of a catalyst bed. A wall across the vessel divides the reservoir into a lower surge chamber for receiving the mixed feed and an upper plenum chamber for separating the components into alternate feed rings of gas and hydrocarbon liquid under the conical screen. The mixed feed enters the plenum chamber through a plurality of tubes extending downwardly from the wall to the same depth in the surge chamber that prevents establishing preferential paths for gas to independently enter the plenum chamber. Excessive separation of the gas and liquid components from the mixed feed in the plenum chamber is prevented by use of a plurality of concentric baffles abutting the underside of the conical screen and which are closely spaced apart only sufficient to create adjacent and alternate feed rings of gas and liquid. The depth of the lower end of each baffle is intermediate the depth of the two radially adjacent concentric baffles. Catalyst is continuously or periodically added to, or removed from, the vessel through tubing and a full-bore valve having uniform diameters throughout their lengths to maintain laminar flow of catalyst to or from a pressurizable hopper vessel.

Apparatus for an on-stream particle replacement system for

This invention makes possible substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed to fill substantially the entire volume of a reactor vessel by introducing the fluids as alternate annular rings of gas and liquid at a rate insufficient to levitate the bed and with catalyst selected by a density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebulation of the packed bed at the design feed rates. Catalysts are selected by measuring bed expansion in a large pilot plant run with hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and catalyst at the design pressures and flow velocities. The liquid and gas components of the feed flow into the bed in alternate annular rings across the full area of the bed. At the desired flow rate, such catalyst continually flows in a plug-like manner downwardly through the vessel by introducing fresh catalyst at the top of the bed by laminarly flowing such catalyst in a liquid stream on a periodic or semicontinuous basis. Catalyst is similarly removed by laminarly flowing catalyst particles in a liquid stream out of the bottom of the bed. Intake for such flow is out of direct contact with the stream of gas flowing through the bed and the flow path is substantially constant in cross-sectional area and greater in diameter by several times than the diameter of the catalyst particles.

Method and apparatus for an on-stream particle replacement system for

An instrument for simultaneously measuring the viscosity, density, and surface tension of a fluid comprising a gas dissolved in a liquid, at the operating conditions of the fluid, employing an instrument based on the principle of a damped, one-dimensional harmonic oscillator; the instrument being adapted to receive the fluid on-line without altering its operating environment.

On-line instrument for simultaneously measuring the viscosity, density,

A multiple bed downflow hydrocarbon hydroprocessing reactor is modified by the addition of a phase separator above at least one of the catalyst beds. This enables the lighter fraction of the hydrocarbon, which has passed through the upper bed(s) in the vapor phase and thus not been heavily hydroprocessed, to be hydroprocessed in the absence of the liquid heavier fraction in the same reactor.

Hydroprocessing reactors and methods

UV-unstable hydrocrackate lube oil stock is improved by hydrogenating the stock at a temperature in the 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. range using a hydrogenating component disposed upon an alumina carrier having a substantial pore volume of which a major portion is in pores having diameters in the 80- to 150-Angstrom range.

Sequential hydrocracking and hydrogenating process for lube oil

A process is disclosed for producing a lubricating oil base stock by: (1) fractionating a hydrocarbon feedstock boiling above 650.degree. F into a plurality of fractions including at least a lower-boiling fraction and a higher-boiling fraction; (2) contacting the lower-boiling fraction and hydrogen in a first hydrocracking zone, at hydrocracking conditions, with a hydrocracking catalyst to obtain an effluent comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the range of the feedstock and hydrocarbons boiling below the boiling range of the feedstock; (3) contacting at least the hydrocarbons boiling in the range of said feedstock formed in step (2), the higher-boiling fraction from step (1) without substantial intermediate deasphalting thereof, and hydrogen in a second hydrocracking zone, at hydrocracking conditions, with a hydrocracking catalyst to obtain a lubricating oil base stock including a plurality of lube oil fractions of reduced viscosity index spread over the range of the lube oil fractions; and recovering the lube oil base stock. Preferably, the resulting lube oil base stocks have a viscosity index spread of not more than about 15 units, preferably not more than 10, over the lube oil base stock viscosity range of light neutrals to bright stocks.

Growing community of inventors

Berkeley, CA, United States of America

Bruce E Stangeland