Technicon Instruments Corporation

Miles Inc.

University of California

Bayer Corporation

Bronislaw P Czech

Eddy Chapoteau

Anand Kumar

Koon-Wah Leong

Carl R Gebauer

Donald J Cram

Roger C Helgeson

Jonathan Craine

Wolodymyr I Zazulak

The present invention provides a reagent for extracting lead ions from a variety of biological matrices such as human whole blood that has been anticoagulated with either heparin or EDTA, and lyophilized human blood and bovine EDTA whole blood. The released lead is measured in situ with a calorimetric porphyrin reagent without further manipulation of the supernatant. The lead ion releasing reagent can be used in conjunction with a variety of assay formats for the determination of lead in various biological fluids.

Reagents and methods for releasing and measuring lead ions from biological matrices

The present invention provides a reagent for extracting lead ions from a variety of biological matrices such as human whole blood that has been anticoagulated with either heparin or EDTA, and lyophilized human blood and bovine EDTA whole blood. The released lead is measured in situ with a colorimetric porphyrin reagent without further manipulation of the supernatant. The lead ion releasing reagent can be used in conjunction with a variety of assay formats for the determination of lead in various biological fluids.

Reagents and methods for releasing and measuring lead ions from

The present invention relates to a method for the determination of polyvalent metal ions using a sandwich aggregation assay. One or more chelating agents capable of forming at least 2:1 or higher ratio stoichiometry complexes with polyvalent metal ions are attached to a suitable carrier such as latex particles through covalent bonds or by non-covalent interactions, such as hydophobic interactions. Upon complexation with the metal ions, the carriers of the complexing agent aggregate, causing an increase in light absorbance or light scattering which is proportional to the concentration of metal ions in the test sample. The measurement of the light absorbance or light scattering by a suitable instrument, such as a spectrophotometer or nephelometer provides a means for measuring the concentration of metal ions.

Metal ion determination by sandwich aggregation assay

A chromogenic compound found to be especially selective in the determination of calcium in blood of the general formula (I): ##STR1## where: R is hydrogen or lower alkyl;

Colorimetric methods and reagents for the assay of calcium in a test

A chromogenic cryptand found to be especially selective in the determination of lithium in blood of the general formula (I): ##STR1## where: n=1 or 2,

Colorimetric method and reagent for the assay of lithium in a test sample

The present invention resides in the discovery of a new class of compounds defined herein as 'chromogenic hemispherands' useful for the measurement of ions, in particular, ions in aqueous solution, which have the structure ##STR1## wherein: R, same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl or aryl;

Chromogenic hemispherands and their preparation

The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent including one or more chromogenic crypt and compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;

Method for determining the concentration of cations in a sample

The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent including one or more chromogenic cryptand compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein k and j, either same or different, are equal to 1 to about 5;

Reagents for determining cations

A process is disclosed for the non-chromatographic purification of chromogenic cryptahemispherands of the following general formula (II) which are capable of selective binding of sodium ion in aqueous solution: ##STR1## wherein: R, same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl, aryl or benzyl;

Large scale, non-chromatographic purification of chromogenic

Reagent for determining cations

The present invention resides in the discovery of a new class of compounds defined herein as 'chromogenic cryptahemispherands' useful for the measurement of ions, in particular, ions in aqueous solution, which have the structure ##STR1## wherein: R, same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl or aryl;

Chromogenic cryptahemispherands and their preparation

The invention is reagents and procedures for determining an amount of cations present in a sample, the reagent comprising

Chromogenic cryptand reagents and methods for determining cation

The present invention resides in the discovery of a new class of compounds defined herein as 'chromogenic hemispherands' useful for the measurement of ions, in particular, ions in aqueous solution, methods of using the chromogenic hemispherands and test devices containing the chromogenic hemispherands. The chromogenic hemispherands of the invention have the structure ##STR1## wherein: R, same or different, is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylidene, lower alkenyl, allyl or aryl;

Method of detecting electrolytes in an aqueous test sample using

A process is disclosed for synthesizing large quantities of a compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein a solution of a compound of formula II ##STR2## is mixed with a solution of a compound of formula III ##STR3## under suitable process conditions, and wherein A, same or different, is N--R, O, S, CRR' or P(O)R, and R and R' are hydrogen, alkyl, alkylidene, aryl, tosyl, allyl or benzyl, and B is O. Compounds of formula I may be reduced to form an azacorand of formula IV ##STR4## wherein K and L, same or different, are N--R, O, S, CRR', or P(O)R, and R and R' are hydrogen, alkyl, alkylidene, aryl, tosyl, allyl or benzyl. Also disclosed in a compound of formula IV synthesized in accordance with the above procedure wherein K and L are not both O or S.

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Peekskill, NY, United States of America

Bronislaw P Czech