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Brian S Armstrong

Karl B Schmidt

An apparatus and system for determining the angular orientation of an object comprised of a light source directing an optically detectable beam of light at an orientation dependent reflector coupled to an object whereupon a light sensor positioned adjacent the light source detects the reflected optically detectable beam of light from the orientation dependent reflector and determines the centroid of reflection thereon from which the angular orientation of an object throughout a range of rotation about at least one axis of rotation is obtained.

Apparatus and method for determining the angular orientation of an object

An orientation dependent reflector for reflecting light from a light source to facilitate the determination of the angular orientation of an object, the reflector comprising a transparent substrate having front and back surfaces, a plurality of retro reflecting patches coupled to the back surface, and an opaque film layer coupled to the front surface having a plurality of openings therein to facilitate passing light through the transparent substrate to reflect off of the retro reflecting patches in correspondence to angular orientation such that the angular orientation of the object is determined from the centroid of reflection.

Orientation dependent reflector

A moving target which is reflecting waves will give rise to the well known Doppler frequency shift. When the reflected signal can be compared with the transmitted signal in homodyne detection, the resulting signal is called the Doppler signal. Both frequency and phase of the Doppler signal carry information about the motion of the target. By observing a Doppler signal at several points in space, it is possible to determine the position, velocity and acceleration of a moving target. Systems employing this principle are-used to track acoustic emitters with sonar, as well as radio emitters with radar. While the prior an has relied on analyzing the Doppler shift frequency, the present invention introduces a method employing the analysis of the phase of the Doppler signal. The phase-based algorithm shows a better signal to noise ratio in applications where the ratio of velocity and distance to the point of closest approach is large. The improved signal to noise ratio translates to lower power and lower cost for Doppler based three dimensional tracking.

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Shorewood, WI, United States of America

Brian S Armstrong