Other

Nortel Networks Corporation

Vered, Ron

Wight, James Stuart

Parisien, Brian Rudy

Fung, David Tat Fai

Brian Rudy Parisien

James Stuart Wight

Ron Vered

David Tat Fai Fung

Neil Teitelbaum

Michael C G Lee

David Tat Fung

A system for treating a polar liquid includes a signal generator for providing an alternating electrical current, and a transducer electrically coupled to the signal generator. The transducer includes a solenoidal coil and two ferromagnetic end pieces at the ends of the coil and transverse thereto. In operation, the transducer is at least partially immersed in a polar liquid and, when energized with the current provides a magnetic field into the liquid, the field may change a property of the liquid, e.g. an interfacial mass transfer rate. This can be used in many different industrial applications.

Method and system for changing a property of a polar liquid

For changing a property of a polar liquid a device comprising a signal generator and a transducer is provided adjacent to the liquid or at least partially immersed therein. The signal generator provides an alternating electrical signal to the transducer, wherein the electrical signal is of a frequency and an amplitude to affect the transducer to produce an alternating magnetic field having a magnetic flux density so as to change the property of the polar liquid, wherein a portion of the magnetic field penetrates the liquid, having an effect thereon and providing a change in the property of the liquid at a distance of at least 1 meter from the transducer. The property is a gas exchange rate and the change is at least 5%, or the property is surface tension and the change is at least 1%, or the property is viscosity and the change is at least 0.5%.

Method of changing a property of a polar liquid

For changing a property of a polar liquid, a transducer including a solenoidal coil is disposed at least partially within the liquid, which is prevented from penetrating the interior of the coil. An alternating electrical current applied to the coil produces a magnetic field about the coil. The current has a frequency and an amplitude such that the magnetic field has an effect on the liquid changing a property of the liquid at a distance of at least 5 meters from the transducer, wherein the property is gas exchange rate, surface tension, viscosity, freezing point, or partial vapor pressure. A system may include two transducers, wherein the electrical currents are offset in phase or frequency for controlling the effect.

The calculation of encryption keys is a processor intensive undertaking that is not suited for &ldquo;thin client&rdquo; terminal devices typically used for session applications in an Internet Protocol network. The present invention provides an encryption scheme for use with such terminal devices for the secure transmission of session data that minimizes session set-up delays associated with the exchange of encryption keys. First, keys are negotiated between network elements using prior art techniques (e.g. shared secret, IKE, Diffie-Hellman, RSA). Then, security is maintained by refreshing symmetric keys after each session under cover of an existing key. Perfect Forward Security (PFS) can be provided by &ldquo;breaking the chain&rdquo; through periodic key refreshes during system idle times.

Encryption key exchange protocol

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Dunrobin, Canada

Brian Rudy Parisien