University of Maine System

Stillwater Scientific Instruments

Other

Spectrum Square Associates, Inc.

Brian G Frederick

Lawrence J LeGore

Robert H Jackson, Iii

Peter H Kleban

Rosemary L Smith

Zhong Yu Yang

Linda K DeNoyer

Scott Collins

C Bronson H Crothers

Nicholas LeCursi

Max B Frederick

A grid structure and method for manufacturing the same. The grid is used for gating a stream of charged particles in certain types of particle measurement instruments, such as ion mobility spectrometers and the like. The methods include various microfabrication techniques for etching and/or depositing grid structure materials on a silicon substrate.

Microfabricated miniature grids

The present invention relates generally to grids for gating a stream of charged particles and methods for manufacturing the same. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a Bradbury-Nielson gate having transmission line grid elements. In one embodiment is a feed structure for a gating grid where a drive source is coupled to a feeding transmission line with the same geometry as the chopper and continues with the same geometry to a termination transmission line. Also included is a method for fabricating a gate for charged particles which includes micromachining at least two gate elements from at least one wafer, wherein each gate element includes at least one grid element; metalizing the grid elements; and assembling the gate elements such that the grid elements of the gate elements are interleaved, thereby forming a Bradbury Nielson gate.

Gating grid and method of manufacture

A spectroscopy instrument that uses spectra produced from random binary sequence modulated data. Statistical estimation techniques are used to achieve resolution enhancement, while properly accounting for the Poisson noise distribution and other artifacts introduced by a modulator or 'chopper' or other system components. A resolution similar to that of modern spectrometers can be achieved. Both static and dynamic behaviors are theoretically or measured experimentally accounted for in the model as determined. In one embodiment, the finite penetration of the field beyond the plane of the chopper leads to non-ideal chopper response, which is characterized in terms of an 'energy corruption' effect and a lead or lag in the time at which the beam responds to the chopper potential.

Spectroscopy instrument using broadband modulation and statistical estimation techniques to account for component artifacts

A technique for providing a grid for a gate such as utilized in gating a stream of ions or other particles in a spectrometer instrument. The grid of wires may, for example, be a so-called Bradbury-Nielson Gate that consists of a set of two electrically isolated sets of equally spaced wires that lie substantially in the same plane and alternate in potential. The method utilized to provide is to first fabricate a frame of an insulating substrate having a hole and depositing metal film patterns such that conductive portions are formed on either side of the hole. Conductive portions on either side form a series of terminating pads on the portion of the substrate closest to the hole and a bus bar. Grid wires are then formed by stretching a section of wire with desired constant tension across the hole and bonding the ends of the wire to a respective one of the pads on one side and bus bar on the other side. The method provides a rapid, inexpensive way to fabricate such modulating devices.

Fabrication of chopper for particle beam instrument

A spectroscopy instrument that uses spectra produced from random binary sequence modulated data. Statistical estimation techniques are used to achieve resolution enhancement, while properly accounting for the Poisson noise distribution and other artifacts introduced by a modulator or 'chopper' or other system components. Indeed, a resolution similar to that of modern spectrometers can be achieved with a dramatic performance advantage over conventional, serial detection analyzers. Both static and dynamic behaviors are theoretically or measured experimentally accounted for in the model as determined. In one embodiment, the finite penetration of the field beyond the plane of the chopper leads to non-ideal chopper response, which is characterized in terms of an 'energy corruption' effect and a lead or lag in the time at which the beam responds to the chopper potential.

A spectroscopy instrument that uses spectra produced from random binary sequence modulated data. Statistical estimation techniques are used to achieve resolution enhancement, while properly accounting for the Poisson noise distribution and other artifacts introduced by a modulator or &ldquo;chopper&rdquo; or other system components. Indeed, a resolution similar to that of modern spectrometers can be achieved with a dramatic performance advantage over conventional, serial detection analyzers. Both static and dynamic behaviors are theoretically or measured experimentally accounted for in the model as determined. In one embodiment, the finite penetration of the field beyond the plane of the chopper leads to non-ideal chopper response, which is characterized in terms of an &ldquo;energy corruption&rdquo; effect and a lead or lag in the time at which the beam responds to the chopper potential.

A washing method and apparatus characterized by employment of the electric form of energy in addition to the traditional three forms of energy (kinetic energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy) to do the work of cleaning, thereby reducing the requirement for and dependency on the traditional three forms of energy. Electric charge is employed to do work of cleaning by various physical phenomena. The phenomena include, but are not limited to effecting the physical characteristics of surface chemistry, the physical characteristics of water, and the chemical characteristics of water, Such characteristics include but are not limited to surface tension, agitation, hydrolization, and adhesion. Such effects of the physical or chemical characteristics are temporary, and are not detectable after the washing water is discarded so as to have minimal polluting effect on the environment. After the cleaning work is done, this temporary energy effect of the physical or chemical characteristics is just as transient, undetectable and non-polluting as is the thermal energy of hot water that has been cooled or the kinetic energy of moving water that has been stopped. Previous to this invention, the work of cleaning was done by three forms of energy: Thermal energy, kinetic energy, and chemical energy. This invention adds electric energy to the forms of energy that do the work of cleaning. Of the four forms of energy, the only one that remains in the waste water is chemical energy. Adding this additional form of energy allows the reduction of requirement for work to be done by any or all of the other forms of energy. The net result is the transfer of the work load from chemical energy, thus resulting in less dependence on the one form of energy that pollutes the environment.

Growing community of inventors

Orono, ME, United States of America

Brian G Frederick