United States of America As Represented by the Administrator of Nasa

Brian E Vyhnalek

John D Lekki

Jennifer N Downey

Evan J Katz

Ian R Nemitz

Nicholas C Lantz

Yousef Kamal Chahine

An apparatus includes a first pair of entanglement sources, a first Bell state measurement (BSM) device, at least one memory, a herald output, and at least one optical switch. The first pair of entanglement sources includes a first entanglement source and a second entanglement source configured to generate a first pair of entangled photons and a second pair of entangled photons at the same time. The first BSM device is connected with the first pair of entanglement sources to detect photons generated by each of the first entanglement source and the second entanglement source. The at least one memory is connected with the first pair of entanglement sources to store photons generated by the first entanglement source and the second entanglement source. The herald output includes an electronic circuit connected with the first BSM device for determining a number of photons detected by the first BSM device.

Heralded source of entangled photon pairs

A cascaded modulator system configured to minimize the extinction ratio (ER) of an optical output of an optical transmitter. The cascaded modulator system includes a pulse position modulation (PPM) source connected to a plurality of serially-connected Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZIs). A variable time delay &#x394;tmay be applied to a negative low voltage differential signal (LVDS) driving a second or later MZI of the plurality of MZIs to eliminate or compensate for one or more non-idealities in an electrical signal.

Cascaded offset optical modulator for optical communications

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Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Brian E Vyhnalek