Dioxide Materials, Inc.

Brian A Rosen

Richard I Masel

Qingmei Chen

Zheng Richard Ni

Zengcai Liu

Wei Zhu

A process for the production of organic acids having at least three carbon atoms comprises the steps of forming an amount of carbon monoxide and reacting the amount of carbon monoxide with an amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, a strong acid, and a phosphine. In some embodiments, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of acetylene and methylacetylene, and the organic acid is one of acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The reacting step is preferably performed with carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide.

Process for the sustainable production of acrylic acid

An electrochemical device comprises an anode and a cathode. An electrocatalyst mixture is placed between said anode and cathode. The electrocatalyst mixture comprises at least one Catalytically Active Element and, separately, at least one Helper Catalyst comprising an organic molecule, an organic ion, or a mixture of organic molecules and organic ions. The electrocatalyst mixture electrochemically converts carbon dioxide to one or more carbonaceous reaction products via the reaction: CO+2e+2H&#x2192;carbonaceous reaction products, at overpotentials of 0.9 V or less.

Electrochemical devices employing novel catalyst mixtures

Electrochemical devices comprising electrocatalyst mixtures include at least one Catalytically Active Element and, as a separate constituent, one Helper Catalyst. The electrocatalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These electrocatalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO. Chemical processes employing these catalysts produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCOO), HCOOH, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), or (COO). Devices using the electrocatalysts include, for example, a COsensor and a COelectrolyzer.

Electrochemical devices comprising novel catalyst mixtures

Catalysts that include at least one catalytically active element and one helper catalyst can be used to increase the rate or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. The helper catalyst can simultaneously act as a director molecule, suppressing undesired reactions and thus increasing selectivity toward the desired reaction. These catalysts can be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of COor formic acid. The catalysts can also suppress Hevolution, permitting electrochemical cell operation at potentials below RHE. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, OH, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, O, H, (COOH), or (COO), and a specific device, namely, a COsensor.

Catalyst mixtures

Electrochemical devices comprising electrocatalyst mixtures include at least one Catalytically Active Element and, as a separate constituent, one Helper Catalyst. The electrocatalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These electrocatalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO. Chemical processes employing these catalysts produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), or (COO). Devices using the electrocatalysts include, for example, a COsensor.

An environmentally beneficial process for the production of fuels and chemicals employs carbon dioxide from a natural source or from an artificial chemical source that would otherwise be discharged into the environment. The carbon dioxide is converted to formic acid and the formic acid is then non-biologically converted to fuels and/or chemicals without the intermediate process of hydrogenating the formic acid to methanol or reacting the formic acid with ammonia to form formamide. In the present process, formic acid is converted to one of seven primary feedstocks: formaldehyde, acrylic acid, methane, ethylene, propylene, syngas, and C5-C7 carbohydrates. The formaldehyde, acrylic acid, methane, ethylene, propylene, syngas and/or short chain carbohydrates can either be used directly, or can be converted into a wealth of other products.

Hydrogenation of formic acid to formaldehyde

Electrochemical devices for converting carbon dioxide to useful reaction products include a solid or a liquid with a specific pH and/or water content. Chemical processes using the devices are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), (COO), acrylic acid, diphenyl carbonate, other carbonates, other organic acids and synthetic fuels. The electrochemical device can be a COsensor.

Devices and processes for carbon dioxide conversion into useful fuels and chemicals

Catalyst mixtures include at least one Catalytically Active Element and, as a separate constituent, one Helper Catalyst. The catalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO. Chemical processes employing these catalysts produce CO, OH, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, O, H, (COOH), or (COO). Devices using the catalysts include, for example, a COsensor.

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Wilmington, DE, United States of America

Brian A Rosen