Google Inc.

Bikash Koley

Hong Liu

Xiaoxue Zhao

Vijayanand Vusirikala

Vijay Vusirikala

Amin Vahdat

Paul Germano

Vinayak Dangui

Emilie Jeanne Anne Danna

Valey Kamalov

Philip Michael Wells

Edward Crabbe

Ralph Hofmeister

Christoph Albrecht

Ankur Jain

Priya Mahadevan

Arjun Singh

Satyajeet Singh Ahuja

Steven Padgett

Wenjie Jiang

Anees Shaikh

Ajay Kumar Bangla

Alireza Ghaffarkhah

Mukarram Tariq

Benjamin Preskill

Mahesh Kallahalla

Ralph Theodore Hofmeister

Apparatus and methods are provided for application layer optimization in a modern data network. The optimization incorporates variable rate transmission across one or more optical data channels. Data throughput is maximized by enabling quality of service profiles on a per transmission channel basis. According to one aspect, a system is provided in which the application layer is aware of and controls the underlying transmission rate and quality of the transmission. This enables the system to fully utilize the transmission capacity of the channel. The application layer may map different applications to different transmission classes of service. The services can be classified based on data throughput rate, guaranteed error rates, latency and cost, among other criteria. This provides flexibility to the application layer to map some loss tolerant applications to a lower cost (per bit) transmission class.

Service and application layer optimization using variable rate optical transmission

Described are methods and system for network analysis. A network analyzer for a first network is configured to receive network assessment information from a network metric monitors situated in third-party networks, the network assessment information indicating values for characteristics of one or more network paths from the respective network metric monitor to a node in a second network. The network analyzer aggregates the received network assessment information and identifies, from the aggregated network assessment information, a route from the first network to the node in the second network. The identified route is then selected from among a plurality of potential routes from the first network to the node in the second network and used in setting a routing policy for data flows from the first network through the node in the second network.

Systems and methods for inferring network topology and path metrics in wide area networks

An autonomous network and a corresponding routing method include determining routing paths by a controller, and providing the determined routing paths to a data packet processor located remotely from the controller. The data packet processor routes outgoing data packets, based on information from the controller, through a plurality of switches remotely from the data packet processor. Each switch includes a plurality of network interfaces. For an outgoing data packet, the data packet processor determines a network interface over which to transmit the data packet, and adds an indication of the determined network interface in a header of the data packet. The data packet processor forwards the modified data packet to the switch including the determined network interface. The switch identifies the network interface based on the indication, and transmits the outgoing data packet over the identified network interface.

System and method for software defined routing of traffic within and between autonomous systems with enhanced flow routing, scalability and security

A communication system includes a first and second trunk terminals, a plurality of communication trunks disposed along a floor of a body of water, and power feed equipment. Each communication trunk couples the first trunk terminal to the second trunk terminal and includes at least one signal amplifier configured to amplify a signal conveyed along the corresponding communication trunk. The power feed equipment is coupled to the plurality of communication trunks and is configured to deliver power along each communication trunk to power the at least one signal amplifier of the communication trunk. The power feed equipment is also configured to receive a shunt fault notification identifying an electrical shunt fault along a faulted communication trunk of the plurality of communication trunks. In response to the shunt fault notification, the power feed equipment is configured to cease delivery of power along at least one communication trunk.

Subsea optical communication network

The present disclosure describes system and methods for network planning. The systems and methods can incorporate network traffic demands, availability requirements, latency, physical infrastructure and networking device capability, and detailed cost structures to calculate a network design with minimum or reduced cost compared to conventional methods. In some implementations, the method include providing an initial, deterministic set of failures, and then successively performing a network optimization and a network availability simulation to determine which failures most impact the performance of the network model. The high impact failures can then be provided back into the system, which generates an improved network design while still maintaining minimum cost.

Network stochastic cross-layer optimization for meeting traffic flow availability target at minimum cost

The present disclosure provides a probabilistic framework that can calculate the probability of fulfilling demands for a given set of traffic flows. In some implementations, the probability of fulfilling demands can be based on the probability of infrastructure component failures, shared risk link groups derived from a cross-layer network topology, and traffic engineering (TE) considerations. The consideration of the cross-layer network topology enables the systems and methods described herein to account for the relationship between the physical and logical topologies.

Parallelized network traffic flow availability simulation using stochastic process and traffic engineering algorithms

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for improving spectral efficiency of a communication system. The communication system can include a transmitter, a receiver and a communication link for communicating data between the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter can employ a multi-carrier technique to transmit data to the receiver. The transmitter can generate a plurality of carrier signals using a receiver-side comb generator, one of which is sent to the transmitter as a pilot carrier signal combined with modulated carrier signals over an optical link. At the receiver the receiver-side comb generator uses the pilot carrier signal to generate a plurality of receiver-side carrier signals, which are used for detecting the modulated carrier signals. As the phase noise in the modulated carrier signals and the phase noise in the receiver-side carrier signals have the same characteristics, the phase noise is cancelled at the receiver, resulting in improved detection.

Systems for improved spectral efficiency in multi-carrier communication systems

According to at least one aspect, a network system includes a wavelength selective switch (WSS) mesh network, multiple dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) multiplexers/de-multiplexers, and a controller. The WSS mesh network includes a plurality of WSS components. Each WSS component includes a common port and multiple switching ports. The plurality of WSS components are coupled to each other through corresponding switching ports. Each DWDM multiplexer/de-multiplexer is coupled to one of multiple sets of servers via a respective top tier switch and respective aggregation nodes and coupled to a common port of a WSS component of the WSS mesh network. The controller is configured to obtain indications of communication bandwidth demand for communications between the multiple sets of servers, determine a configuration for the WSS mesh network based on the obtained indications of communication bandwidth demand, and cause the WSS components and the top tier switches to be configured according to the determined configuration.

Dynamic data center network with a mesh of wavelength selective switches

Methods, mediums and systems described herein determine real-time in-service OSNR measurement without disrupting or turning off one or more channels of the network. An OSNR monitor described herein may be integrated with existing optical line systems. The OSNR measurements performed by the OSNR monitors are independent of the modulation format and thus, may work with all phase formats, amplitude format or a combination thereof. The real-time in-service OSNR data may be used to perform global network optimization to determine the optimal routing and data rate in the optical network. The OSNR data may be used to establish protection and restoration paths for network resiliency and to maximize data throughput.

In-service optical signal to noise ratio monitoring in an optical network

An optical add-drop multiplexer including a first filter filtering a first band of wavelengths of a communication spectrum for a first communication segment and a second filter filtering a second band of wavelengths of the communication spectrum for a second communication segment. The second band of wavelengths overlaps the first band of wavelengths in an overlap band of wavelengths. The overlap band may have a variable size. The first band of wavelengths includes a first fraction of the overlap band of wavelengths for the first communication segment and the second band of wavelengths includes a remaining fraction the overlap band of wavelengths for the second communication segment.

Overlapping spectrum in optical communication

A system and method of providing a dynamic optical network topology according to topology determinations made by a network control is disclosed. The system and method includes optical ports on an optical circuit switch system operably connected to a plurality of server groups, and optical ports on the optical circuit switch system operably connected to a plurality of packet processing nodes. The system and method also includes at least one memory and at least one processor to execute network control software to receive input comprising a bandwidth request, determine an output comprising a preferred optical link topology for the optical circuit switch system based on the received input, convert the optical link topology for the optical circuit switch system into optical circuit switch port mapping, and send the optical circuit switch port mapping to the optical circuit switch system and to the packet processing nodes.

Dynamic data center network with optical circuit switch

A packet switch/router including a first stage switch fabric receiving an electrical signal, a mid-stage buffer receiving and storing the electrical signal from the first stage switch fabric, and a second stage switch fabric receiving the electrical signal from the mid-stage buffer. Each switch fabric includes N layers of N&#xd7;N arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), and each AWG has ingress ports and egress ports. A wavelength tunable device, such as a tunable laser, communicates with a source ingress port of an AWG and converts the received electrical signal to an optical signal having a wavelength selected for routing a packet from the source ingress port to a target egress port of the arrayed waveguide grating. A photoreceiver, such as a burst-mode photoreceiver, receives the propagated optical signal from the target egress port and converts the optical signal to the electrical signal.

Optoelectronic packet switch/routers

Aspects of the invention provide transmitters and receivers for managing multiple optical signals. High order modulation, such as phase and/or amplitude modulation, is used to achieve multiple bits per symbol by transporting multiple asynchronous data streams in an optical transport system. One or more supplemental multiplexing techniques such as time division multiplexing, polarization multiplexing and sub-carrier multiplexing may be used in conjunction with the high order modulation processing. This may be done in various combinations to realize a highly spectrally efficient multi-data stream transport mechanism. The system receives a number of asynchronous signals which are unframed and synchronized, and then reframed and tagged prior to the high order modulation. Differential encoding may also be performed. Upon reception of the multiplexed optical signal, the receiver circuitry may employ either direct detection without a local oscillator or coherent detection with a local oscillator.

Growing community of inventors

Sunnyvale, CA, United States of America

Bikash Koley