Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Bidyut De

Debasis Bhattacharyya

Satheesh Vetterkunnel Kumaran

Shoeb Hussain Khan

Brijesh Kumar

Santanam Rajagopal

Pankaj Kumar Kasliwal

Venkatachalam Krishnan

Manoj Kumar Bhuyan

Manoj Kumar Yadav

Sudhir Kumar Pande

S Rajagopal

V Krishnan

P K Kasliwal

D Bhattacharyya

A process and apparatus for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock employing circulating fluidized bed reactor-regenerator configuration for maximizing the yield of propylene (C3 olefin) is disclosed. The apparatus comprises two reaction zones operating under different temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), one primary zone for cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock and other as secondary zone for cracking of C4 fraction produced from the cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock in the primary reaction zone, optionally admixed with C4 stream from external source. Two dedicated conduits equipped with valves for control of catalyst flow rate are provided to supply the hot catalyst from a common catalyst regeneration zone wherein the catalyst flowing though conduit connected to the secondary reaction zone is cooled employing a heat exchanging device. The lower temperature achieved in secondary reaction zone on account of exchange of heat along with lower weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) selectively promotes oligomerization of C4 fraction before being cracked to produce C3 olefin in the subsequent portion of the reaction zone (primary).

Production of propylene in a fluid catalytic cracking unit

The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises: an inner conduit and an outer conduit concentric to each other to define an annular space, said outer conduit having an inlet for receiving the hydrocarbon stream and an outlet for dispensing a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the dispersion/diluent streams; a diluent/dispersion steam distributor being in connection with the inner conduit and defining a central orifice and a first set of orifices, said first set of orifices adapted to direct a first portion of the dispersion/diluent stream into the annular space and said central orifice adapted to direct a second portion of the diluent/dispersion stream into the inner conduit; at least one contraction member and expansion member, said contraction member located downstream of the first set of orifices and said expansion member located downstream said expansion member; the inner conduit located downstream of said expansion member comprises a second set of orifices, said second set of orifices disposed on a periphery of the inner conduit and adapted to dispense a second portion of the dispersion/diluent stream into the annular space.

FCC feed injector with improved atomization

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream. The apparatus includes an inner conduit having an inlet for receiving the diluent/dispersion stream; an outer conduit having an inlet for receiving the hydrocarbon stream and an outlet for dispensing a mixture including the hydrocarbon and the dispersion/diluent streams; the outer conduit concentric to the inner conduit to define at least a first annular space and a second annular space; the first annular space being located downstream of the inlet of the outer conduit, the first annular space enabling formation of a thin film of the hydrocarbon stream between an outer surface of the inner conduit and an inner surface of the outer conduit; the second annular space being located downstream of the first annular space, the second annular space having a width greater than a width of the first annular space; and the inner conduit located at about the second annular space includes a first set orifices disposed on a periphery thereof for dispensing a first portion of the dispersion/diluent stream into the thin film of hydrocarbon stream to cross-shear the thin film and form the mixture including the hydrocarbon and the dispersion/diluent streams.

Method and apparatus for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream

The present subject matter relates to a feed nozzle assemblyfor atomizing a heavy hydrocarbon feed by mixing the hydrocarbon feed with a diluent and an atomizing media. The feed nozzle assemblyincludes at least one primary mixing chambersfor receiving the liquid hydrocarbon feed and the diluent to create a primary mixture. The primary mixture is than forwarded to a secondary mixing chamber. The secondary mixing chamber extends to a tertiary mixing chamber. A steam inletis provided to inject streams of steam to the secondary mixing chamberand to the tertiary mixing chamberthrough a first opening and a second opening, respectively, located within the steam inlet

Feed nozzle assembly

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Faridabad, India

Bidyut De