Exxon Research and Engineering Company

Bhaskara M Rao

Bernard G Silbernagel

Daniel J Eustace

Lawrence P Klemann

Dan A Farcasiu

Robert A Weiss

Paul A Malachesky

An improved electrolyte for an Li/TiS.sub.2 current producing system, such as a battery, features at least one lithium solute of the general formula LiXF.sub.a, where X is selected from a group consisting of B, P, Sb, and As, and wherein a is 4 for B and 6 for P, Sb, and As. The solute(s) are supported in a solvent consisting of at least 1,3 dioxolane, and more particularly in a mixture of 1,3 dioxolane (DIOX) and 1,2 dimethoxyethane (DME) ranging in percent ratios of (DIOX:DME) from 100/0 to 40/60 by weight.

Li/TiS.sub.2 Current producing system

The present invention is directed to a novel method of fabricating and composition for chalcogenide cathode-active electrodes. The method comprises the steps of:

Composition for chalcogenide electrodes

A current producing Li/TiS.sub.2 electrochemical cell is featured which has a cyclic ether-containing electrolyte, and an inhibitor against the polymerization of the cyclic ether by TiS.sub.2, which cyclic ether otherwise polymerizes in the presence of TiS.sub.2.

Compositions for stabilizing electrolytes in Li/TiS.sub.2 systems

A grid consisting of an electronically conducting base material coated with a metal which can alloy with lithium is used in a lithium organic electrolyte cell containing dioxolane as at least one component of the electrolyte. The alloy will retard a reaction between the dioxolane and the grid base material in order to minimize the decomposition of the dioxolane within the cell.

Grid for a lithium electrode in a lithium organic electrolyte cell

The present invention is directed to a method of making anhydrous lithium thiocyanate and solutions containing anhydrous lithium thiocyanate by reacting a thiocyanate reactant selected from the group consisting of inorganic ammonium thiocyanate, quaternary alkyl ammonium thiocyanates, trialkyl ammonium thiocyanates, non-lithium alkali metal thiocyanates and alkaline earth metal thiocyanates, with a lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiClO.sub.4 ; LiAsF.sub.6 ; LiBF.sub.4 ; LiPF.sub.6 ; LiO.sub.3 SCF.sub.3 ; LiNO.sub.2 ; LiNO.sub.3 ; LiCl; LiBr; LiI; LiO.sub.2 CCF.sub.3 ; LiOC.sub.6 H.sub.5 ; LiB(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.4 and LiBR.sub.4 wherein R is methyl, ethyl, butyl or mixtures thereof, in an organic solvent in which the reactants are soluble.

Method of making anhydrous lithium thiocyanate

An electric current-producing cell which contains:

Cells having cathodes with thiocyanogen-containing cathode-active

A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed utilizing: (a) an anode which contains an alkali metal as an anode-active material; (b) a cathode and (c) an elyte comprising an electrolytically effective amount of one or more compounds having the formula:

Solid state cell with alkali metal halo-alkali thiocyanate electrolyte

A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed utilizing: (a) an anode which contains as the anode-active material an alkali metal; (b) a cathode which contains as the cathode-active material a chalcogenide of the empirical formula M'Z.sub.n wherein M' is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium hafnium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium, Z is one or more chalcogens selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium, and n is a numerical value between about 1.8 and about 3.2; and (c) an electrolyte consisting essentially of one or more solid alkali metal aluminum tetrahalide compounds of the formula MAlX.sub.4 wherein M is an alkali metal and X is one or more halogens selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Preferred is the cell wherein the anode is lithium, the cathode contains as its cathode-active material TiS.sub.2, and the electrolyte consists essentially of LiAlCl.sub.4.

Cell containing chalcogenide cathode, alkali metal anode and solid

A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed utilizing an alkali metal anode, a fluorinated carbon cathode and a solid electrolyte consisting essentially of one or more alkali metal aluminum tetrahalide compounds of the formula MAlX.sub.4 wherein M is an alkali metal and X is one or more halogens selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine. Preferred is the cell wherein the anode is lithium, the cathode is C.sub.2 F, and the electrolyte consists essentially of LiAlCl.sub.4.

Cell containing carbon-fluorine compound cathode, alkali metal anode and

A lithium-aluminum alloy electrode having from about 10% to 95% by weight of lithium is formed by contacting a preformed lithium-aluminum laminate with a solution of a lithium salt in an organic solvent. Preferably the laminate is supported on a wire mesh support structure.

Method of preparing lithium-aluminum alloy electrodes

Novel solid electrolyte compositions and novel electrochemical cells utilizing the novel electrolyte compositions are disclosed. The cells utilize: (a) an anode which contains as the anode-active material an alkali metal; (b) a cathode which contains as the cathode-active material a chalcogenide of the empirical formula M'A.sub.p wherein M' is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium, A is one or more chalcogens selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium, and p is a numerical value between about 1.8 and about 3.2; and (c) a novel solid electrolyte composition which comprises one or more lithium-halogen-aluminum sulfate compounds of the formula LiI. x[Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3. nH.sub.2 O] wherein x is a numerical value representing the number of moles of Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3. nH.sub.2 O per mole of LiI, and wherein n is a numerical value representing the number of moles of H.sub.2 O per mole of Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3, i.e., the extent of hydration of the compound.

Solid electrolyte composition and cell

A high energy density electrochemical cell comprises an anode consisting essentially between about 63% and 92% lithium, on an atomic basis, and the balance essentially aluminum, a cathode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. Advantageously, the cathode is an electrochemically active transition metal chalcogenide, such as titanium disulfide, and the nonaqueous electrolyte is an organic solvent, such as dioxolane, having at least one lithium salt, preferably lithium perchlorate, dissolved therein.

Rechargeable lithium-aluminum anode

An improved electrochemical cell comprises an alkali metal anode, a cathode, an oxidant of at least one quaternary ammonium polyhalide salt, and a dipolar aprotic electrolyte containing an ionizable salt of an alkali metal. A specific example includes a lithium anode, a carbon cathode, a tetraalkylammonium tribromide salt and an electrolyte of one mole lithium hexafluoride dissolved in propylene carbonate, which cell provides an open circuit voltage of about 3.6 volts. The oxidant can be incorporated in the cathode structure or be added independently to the cell, e.g., by use of a circulating electrolyte.

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Fanwood, NJ, United States of America

Bhaskara M Rao