Pilkington Group Limited

Benjamin Michael Stiefvater-Thomas

Karikath Sukumar Varma

An additive for alkali metal silicate solutions, comprising a quaternary ammonium compound having the general formula () RRRRNOH, wherein R, R, Rand Rwhich may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or groups having the general formula &#x2014;[CH]n-NRRRwherein n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 12, the group &#x2014;[CH]n may be hydroxy-substituted, and R, Rand Rwhich may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups or hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one of the groups R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rrepresents a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group or a hydroxy-substituted alkaryl group comprising at least 2 carbon atoms wherein the hydroxy substituent is not located on a carbon atom which is bonded to a nitrogen atom.

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Chorley, United Kingdom

Benjamin Michael Stiefvater-Thomas