Ciba-geigy Corporation

Beat Bruttel

Heinz Pfenninger

Petr Kvita

Paolo Balliello

Alberto Rabassa

Hansjorg Schneider

Werner Preiswerk

Heinz Abel

Roger Lacroix

Arthur Buhler

Paul Hugelshofer

Bruno Fortsch

Alain Millioud

Werner H Dorfel

Otto Schilling

Hanspeter Will

Michael Rosch

There are disclosed coated active substances and a process for the preparation thereof, wherein said active substances are dyes, fluorescent whitening agents, photoactivators and/or textile microbicides, if appropriate together with extenders, dispersants, buffers, stabilizers and/or other auxiliaries.

Encapsulated fluorescent whitening agent, photoativator or

The invention describes a process for the preparation of formulations of water-insoluble to sparingly soluble azo dyes by simultaneous diazotization and coupling in a single step reaction, filtering the dye dispersion and, if desired, drying the dyestuff, which process comprises carrying out said simultaneous diazotization and coupling by intimately mixing the aqueous solution or suspension of the reactants, in the presence of one or more surface-active agents, concentrating the dilute dye dispersion by membrane separating methods, and at the same time at least partially removing salt and/or acid from the dispersion and converting it into a storage stable liquid formulation or, by drying, into a solid dye formulation.

Process for the manufacture of formulations of water-insoluble azo dyes

There are disclosed coated active substances and a process for the preparation thereof, wherein said active substances are dyes, fluorescent whitening agent, photoactivators and/or textile microbicides, if appropriate together with extenders, dispersants, buffers, stabilizers and/or other auxiliaries.

Coated active substances: dye coated with polyethylene oxide-propylene

There are disclosed solid dye formulations which comprise at least one anionic wool dye and optional additional components as well as a mixture of an anionic dispersant and an amphoteric surfactant. Such formulations are distinguished in particular by improved solubility in water.

Solid formulation of anionic wool dyes with anionic dispersant and

A process for the preparation of floating granules ('speckles') by spray drying a solution that contains one or more active substances, a carrier material and a foaming agent, and subsequently compacting the dried material so obtained.

Process for the preparation of granules containing an active substance

A process for the preparation of formulations of water-soluble organic dyes starting from an aqueous salt-containing suspension of the untreated dye and using membrane separation methods, which process comprises substantially freeing the aqueous suspension of the untreated dye from by-products and reducing the salt concentration by more than half in a first membrane separation treatment, then diluting the dye suspension in a further optional step and effecting deionization and concentration in a second membrane separation treatment and converting the concentrate so obtained into a liquid or solid commercial formulation. This multi-step membrane separation process, e.g. ultrafiltration combined with hyperfiltration, results in a high rate of permeation through the membrane and avoids operating problems caused by membrane clogging.

Process for the preparation of formulations of water-soluble organic

A process for producing granulates of water-soluble dyes by means of fluidized bed granulation, wherein there is added a granulating auxiliary having a softening point or softening range between 30.degree. and 150.degree. C. and consisting of

Process for producing granulates of water-soluble dyes by fluidized bed

A process is described for converting sparingly soluble inorganic salts of cationic dyes and brighteners into more soluble salts of organic acids without intermediate isolation of the free base, wherein the counter-ion of the dye or brightener cation is replaced by the anion of a cyclic or acyclic organic acid by means of Donnan dialysis. Dye or brightener solutions obtained in this way are stable and can be directly used for dyeing or printing textile materials.

Process for converting sparingly soluble inorganic salts of cationic

The invention relates to a process for preventing the gelation of concentrated aqueous photoactivator solutions containing sulfonated zinc or aluminium phthalocyanines. The process comprises passing a crude solution containing these compounds, when preparing the solutions, through a semipermeable asymmetrical membrane having a pore diameter of 1 to 500 .ANG.. This membrane consists of a basic structure of cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers. This basic structure is modified in specific manner with ionic groups. The concentrated photoactivator solutions so obtained have excellent storage stability, do not gel, and contain exceedingly small amounts of inorganic and organic impurities.

Process for preventing the gelation of concentrated aqueous

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of solid photoactivator formulations containing sulfonated zinc or aluminum phthalocyanines. The process comprises passing a crude solution containing these compounds through a semipermeable asymmetrical membrane having a pore diameter of 1 to 500 .ANG. and drying the photoactivator solution obtained under mild conditions. The membrane consists of a basic structure of cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers. This basic structure is modified in a specific manner with ionic groups. If desired, fillers and/or surfactants customarily employed in the detergent industry may be added to the concentrated solution before it is dried. The solid photoactivator formulations so obtained have excellent storage stability, are substantially non-hygroscopic, and contain exceedingly small amounts of undesirable organic impurities.

Process for the preparation of solid photoactivator formulations:

A process for the preparation of storage-stable concentrated fluid dye compositions of water-soluble dyes, wherein an aqueous solution or suspension of at least one anionic crude dye is passed over a semi-permeable membrane containing ionic groups and having a pore diameter of 1 to 500 .ANG., to remove salts and synthesis by-products of molecular weights less than 500 and to partially remove water, optionally dried, and mixed with a water-miscible organic solvent and, if desired, further additives, before and/or after passage over the semi-permeable membrane. The fluid dye compositions obtained are particularly suitable for use in spray solutions for dyeing leather, as well as for the dying and printing of textile materials, in particular cellulosic fibres.

Process for the preparation of concentrated fluid dye compositions

A process for producing agglomerates of water-soluble dyes by adding a granulating auxiliary to at least one water-soluble dye, which is in pulverulent form, and converting the mixture, while it is being subjected to a tumbling and/or mixing action, by particle enlargement into a granular form, in which process there is used as a granulating auxiliary:

Process for producing agglomerates of water-soluble dyes

A process for producing solid dye compositions, which process comprises passing an aqueous solution or suspension of at least one water-soluble crude dye, to effect separation of synthesis by-products having a molecular weight of below 500 and partial separation of water, through a semipermeable membrane, subsequently drying the resulting aqueous preparation which has become more highly concentrated, and optionally adding further additives before and/or after passage of the aqueous solution or suspension through the semipermeable membrane, these additives being added beforehand only when they do not become separated by the membrane. There are obtained by this process low-dust to dust-free compositions which are distinguished by high mechanical strength, high bulk density, free-flowing characteristics and good dissolving behavior. Employing these compositions it is possible to prepare low-foam to foam-free aqueous dye liquors having very good solution stability, even in the presence of electrolytes.

Process for the preparation of solid composition of water-soluble dyes

Non-dusting pulverulent or granulated dye preparations are provided which contain (1) an organic dye, (2) a non-ionic compound having a hydrotropic action and at least one of the components (3) or (4), component (3) being a reaction product of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 mols of diethanolamine and component (4) being a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a cycloaliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, A is --0-- or ##STR2## X is the acid radical of an inorganic, oxygen-containing acid, the acid radical of a polybasic carboxylic acid or a carboxyalkyl radical and m is a number from 1 to 50, and (5) optionally further customary additives. The dye preparations are non-dusting, can be wetted easily and possess an increased dissolving ability so that they significantly facilitate the manufacture of padding liquors, dyes baths and printing pastes useful for dyeing and printing textile and non-textile substrates.

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Bockten, Switzerland

Beat Bruttel