Imi Tami Institute for Research and Development Ltd.

Avraham Matitiahu Baniel

Leonard M Shorr

Ruth Blumberg

Abraham Mitzmager

Shlomo Star

Jeanna Segall

Klara Hajdu

Acids are recovered from their aqueous solution by an extraction process comprising a first extraction stage at which the aqueous solution is contacted with a water-immiscible extractant comprising a water-immiscible organic solvent and, dissolved therein, at least one secondary or tertiary amine in which the aggregate number of carbon atoms is at least 20; and a back-extraction stage in which the organic extract, separated from the original aqueous solution, is stripped with an aqueous liquid at a temperature which is higher by at least 20.degree. C. than the temperature of the first extraction stage. The stripped extractant can be recycled to the first extraction stage for making the process continuous, and if so recycled, is cooled on its way to the extraction stage. A preferred field of application is the recovery of organic acids produced by fermentation from the fermentation broth, e.g. citric acid.

Recovery of acids from aqueous solutions

Method for the manufacture of bonded and self-bonded bodies from certain particulate ceramic oxides or carbides by heating a shaped mixture containing the particulate ceramic material and from 1 to 10 percent of its weight of an additive which includes an organic moiety and an inorganic moiety and is non-polymeric in respect of the inorganic moiety, and undergoes decomposition on being heated under atmospheric pressure, said additive being exemplified by such organic compounds as aluminum-dibutyl phosphate; tris-(trimethylsiloxy)-aluminum; and diethyl-(triethoxy-silyl)-vanadate, to produce, by the thermal decomposition, an inorganic residue which remains substantially non-volatile up to temperatures at which the particles of the particulate ceramic material become self-bonding; the mixture containing the particulate ceramic material and additive being fired to a temperature of about 200.degree. to about 600.degree. C, at which the additive is thermally decomposed and the ceramic particles become bonded by the pyrolytic residue, and optionally further fired to a temperature between about 600.degree. and about 1800.degree. C at which the particles of the particulate ceramic material become self-bonding.

Bonded particulate ceramic materials and their manufacture

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Haifa, Israel

Avraham Matitiahu Baniel