National Forge Company

General Electric Company

Ashok K. Khare

Ashok K Khare

Michael Scott

Mark Philip D'Evelyn

Robert Arthur Giddings

Huicong Hong

Subhrajit Dey

Fred Sharifi

Paul Duliba

Joseph Alexander Kapp

An apparatus and method for processing materials in supercritical fluids is disclosed. The apparatus includes a capsule configured to contain a supercritical fluid, a high strength enclosure disposed about the capsule and a sensor configured to sense pressure difference between an interior and an exterior of the capsule. The apparatus also includes a pressure control device configured to adjust pressure difference of the capsule in response to the pressure difference sensed by the sensor. The apparatus further includes at least one dividing structure disposed within the capsule that divides the capsule into a seed growing chamber and a nutrient chamber.

Apparatus for processing materials in supercritical fluids and methods thereof

An interrupted normalize heat treatment process for ferritic alloy steel that includes the steps of rapidly cooling at least the outer surfaces of the steel from a temperature above the Ac temperature to a temperature below the Ar, temperature and during subsequent air cooling to room temperature reheating the outside surfaces of the ferritic alloy steel back above the Ar, temperature by bleed back heat from the steel, and forming an as interrupting normalized workpiece having substantially bainitic structures.

Interrupted normalization heat treatment process

A ferritic alloy steel that may be used for making very large pipe molds with high ductility and high toughness for centrifugally casting pipe with an inside diameter that may exceed 40 inches, the steel consisting essentially of from about 0.12% to about 0.18% carbon, about 0.70% to about 0.95% manganese, about 0.008% maximum phosphorous, about 0.008% maximum sulphur, about 0.20% to about 0.35% silicon, about 1.05% to about 1.25% nickel, about 1.85% to about 2.25% chromium, about 0.60% to about 0.75% molybdenum, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Steel for making very large pipe molds

An interrupted normalization heat treatment process for ferritic alloy steel that includes the steps of rapidly cooling at least the outer surfaces of the steel from a temperature above the Ac.sub.3, temperature to a temperature below the Ar.sub.1, temperature and during subsequent air cooling to room temperature reheating the outside surfaces of the ferritic alloy steel back above the Ar.sub.1, temperature by bleed back heat from the steel, tempering the air cooled workpiece, and forming an as interrupting normalized workpiece having substantially bainitic structures.

A ferritic alloy steel with high ductility and high toughness, and a controlled microstructure for making pipe molds for centrifugally casting pipe consisting essentially of from about 0.12% to about 0.22% carbon, about 0.40% to about 0.80% manganese, about 0.025% maximum phosphorus, about 0.025% maximum sulphur, about 0.15% to about 0.40% silicon, about 0.00% to about 0.55% nickel, about 0.80% to about 1.20% chromium, about 0.15% to about 0.60% molybdenum, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Khare steel

A ferritic alloy steel with high ductility and high toughness, and a controlled microstructure for making pipe molds for centrifugally casting pipe consisting essentially of from about 0.12% to about 0.22% carbon, about 0.4% to about 0.80% manganese, about 0.025% maximum phosphorus, about 0.025% maximum sulphur, about 0.15% to about 0.40% silicon, about 0.00% to about 0.55% nickel, about 0.80% to about 1.26% chromium, about 0.15% to about 0.60% molybdenum, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Khare pipe mold steel

A process for producing large section, large mass forged sleeves of alloy 625 comprising forming the workpiece from large, diameter ingots of alloy 625 or from hot isostatically pressed alloy 625 powder, saddle forging the workpiece, mandrel forging the workpiece, thermal treating the workpiece and finish machining the workpiece.

Process for producing large section, large mass forged sleeves from

A process for producing large section, large mass cylindrical sleeves of alloy 625 by employing full length saddle forging techniques comprising forming the workpiece into a full length member, saddle forging the workpiece, air cooling the forging to room temperature following saddle forging, thermal treating and annealing the forging and finish machining the forging to form the finished large section, large mass cylindrical sleeve of alloy 625.

Full length forging method for producing large section, large mass

A process for producing large section, large mass cylindrical sleeves of alloy 625 by employing full length saddle forging technique comprising forming the workpiece by forging it into a full length member, trepanning the member to form the workpiece, saddle forging the workpiece, air cooling the forging to room temperature following saddle forging, thermal treating and annealing the forging and finish machining the forging to form the finished large section, large mass cylindrical sleeve of alloy 625.

A process for producing large section, large mass forged sleeves from large diameter ingots of alloy 625 comprising the steps of cutting the ingot to produce the workpiece, trepanning the workpiece and facing the ends of the workpiece, saddle forging the workpiece, mandrel forging the workpiece, thermal treating the workpiece and finish machining the workpiece.

A process for warm-working a forged austenitic stainless steel workpiece to improve its mechanical and physical properties is disclosed. The workpiece is subjected to a force great enough to cause deformation while the surface temperature of the workpiece is elevated in the range of above about 200.degree. F. (95.degree. C.) to below the lower critical temperature. The purpose of using elevated temperatures is to reduce the force required to deform the workpiece. Stabilized austenitic stainless steel can be warm-worked and still maintain its corrosion-resistant properties. The advantages of warm-working over cold-working to achieve properties are reduction of noise and improved metallurgical control.

Warm-working of austenitic stainless steel

A pipe mold for centrifugally casting pipe is disclosed. The pipe mold according to the present invention is made by depositing weld material on a rigid shell. The rigid shell is obtained by forming a flat plate into a cylinder and welding the resultant seam. Additional rigid shells can be circumferentially welded together to obtain a desired length. The welded seams are areas of weakness called metallurgical notches. To eliminate the metallurgical notches, weld material is deposited on the shell. In one embodiment, weld material is deposited on the outside of the shell. The shell then is machined away. The resultant pipe mold has a total wall thickness comprising weld material and is free of metallurgical notches. In addition, the need for furnace heat-treatment to achieve properties in the weld material can be eliminated.

Weld forming of pipe molds

A method for induction hardening through hardened chromium-molybdenum hot work die steel comprising the steps of induction heating to a uniform temperature above the upper critical temperature, cooling, and double tempering at temperatures below the lower critical temperature to produce a workpiece having a tough core and a hard wear resistant surface. An apparatus is provided for induction hardening long workpieces with minimum distortion by providing an inductor coil which always remains centered around the workpiece during induction coil traverse. Mandrel bars for tube piercing mills can be induction hardened using this process and apparatus.

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Warren, PA, United States of America

Ashok K Khare