H Power Corporation

Engelhard Corporation

Plug Power Inc.

Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation

Arthur Kaufman

Zhigang Qi

Peter L Terry

Zhiqiang Xu

John Werth

Chunzhi He

Haim Feigenbaum

Jack J Early

Sheldon Pudick

Alfred Stawsky

Chiu L Wang

James D Wilson

J Gunther Cohn

Mark Hollett

Fuel cell catalyst layers, and related systems and methods are disclosed.

Fuel cell catalyst layer

Acidic groups such as those in the sulfonic acid family have been successfully linked onto the surface of carbon used as catalyst support. Electrodes made using such sulfonated catalysts as used in electrochemical cells improve the performance of the cells, more so than cells fabricated from electrodes using an unsulfonated electrode.

Fuel cell catalyst electrodes

A fuel cell using a neat alcohol such as neat 2-propanol, as its fuel is described. The fuel that is purposely not mixed with any amount of water is oxidized directly at the fuel cell anode. The fuel cell can support a higher current density than a fuel cell using 1 M 2-propanol aqueous solution. The energy density of a fuel cell using a neat fuel is much higher than that of one using dilute fuel aqueous solutions.

Alcohol fueled direct oxidation fuel cells

In one aspect, the invention features a method including sorbing carbon monoxide to a catalyst layer of a fuel cell, and oxidizing the carbon monoxide. The method can be used to pre-condition or activate the catalyst layer.

Fuel cells

A fuel cell using a secondary alcohol such as 2-propanol as fuel is disclosed. The fuel is oxidized directly at the anode without any reforming. Such a direct secondary alcohol fuel cell (D2AFC) possesses a much higher performance than a direct methanol fuel cell, especially at current densities less than 200 mA/cm. In addition, fuel loss due to crossover in a direct 2-propanol fuel cell (D2PFC) is less than one-sixth of that in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

Direct secondary alcohol fuel cells

Electrodes for an electrochemical cell such as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell are treated with steam or a hot solution before they are bonded to a membrane to form a membrane-electrode assembly. Such a treatment effectively increases the performance of the electrodes when they are subsequently tested within the PEM fuel cell. Improved performance is also observed using this technique with a catalyst-coated membrane and a membrane-electrode assembly.

Enhancement of electrochemical cell performance

A sensing device is featured that electrochemically measures methanol concentration. The sensing device has a flexible composite of layered materials wrapped about a flexible tube having aperture contact with a methanol flow stream. The layered materials sequentially wrapped on the tube are: a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation sheet; an electrically conducting mesh representing the anode current collector; a carbon-based material representing an anode diffusion medium; a catalyst-coated membrane with both sides coated by catalysts such as Pt/Ru and Pt; a carbon-based material serving as the cathode diffusion medium; and an electrically conducting mesh representing the cathode current collector.

Sensor for electro-active materials

A membrane-electrode assembly for electrochemical cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells operating at ambient conditions are activated first by exposing them at a temperature higher than ambient temperature and with the gaseous reactants back-pressurized. The performance of the membrane-electrode assemblies, especially those whose electrodes are of low catalyst loadings made using supported catalysts, improves dramatically after the activation.

Activation of electrochemical cells with catalyst electrodes

A method is described for improving the performance of fuel cells such as H /air PEM fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells. It has been discovered that H evolution can significantly improve the performance of air cathodes and direct methanol fuel cell anodes. The improvement of air cathodes applies to both H /air PEM fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells.

Electrochemical method to improve the performance of H2/air PEM fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells

A fuel cell having a novel configuration including a segmented gas diffusion medium (GDM) or a non-segmented GDM and a separator plate, in which the reactant flow field and liquid coolant field are integrated into one side of a single plate element. The separator plate, in one embodiment, allows for the hydration of the polymer electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell.

Fuel cell reactant and cooling flow fields integrated into a single separator plate

A reactant flow system for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack using a water-soluble fuel is described. The flow system includes the use of single-pass or multi-pass, flow channels. A flow channel section having at least one adjacent channel section whose reactant flows in an opposite direction thereto. The system has respective reactant inlets that are effectively adjacent to reactant outlets of the adjacent channel section. Restrictions are used at the reactant inlets to assure substantially uniform reactant flow among all of the flow channels.

Fuel cell using water-soluble fuel

A reactant flow system for a proton exchange membrane (PEM), hydrogen-air, fuel cell stack, is described. The flow system includes the use of single-pass or multi-pass, flow channels. A flow channel section having at least one adjacent channel section whose reactant flows in an opposite direction thereto. The system has respective reactant inlets that are effectively adjacent to reactant outlets of the adjacent channel section. Restrictions are used at the reactant inlets to assure substantially uniform reactant flow among all of the flow channels. The PEM fuel cell stack has a mechanism for removing heat therefrom in order to prevent drying out of the electrolyte membrane.

Hydrogen-air fuel cell

A water-pervious oxygen distribution member for a hydrogen fuel cell is made by a method comprising chemical surface treatment of a carbonaceous member to impart hydrophilicity while retaining mechanical strength and electrical properties. The oxygen-distribution member produced provides unobstructed passageways for oxygen to access the cathode while permitting water to egress through porosity of the member.

Methods of making oxygen distribution members for fuel cells

A hydrogen fuel cell comprising a cathode and an anode is disclosed. An electrolyte is disposed therebetween. The cathode is supplied with oxygen via a porous carbonaceous distribution plate. The anode is supplied with hydrogen. The operation of the fuel cell results in the generation of water. The carbonaceous member is oxidized sufficiently to impart hydrophilicity to the carbonaceous member while retaining mechanical strength and electrical properties.

Hydrogen power cell

A cooling assembly for fuel cells having a simplified construction whereby coolant is efficiently circulated through a conduit arranged in serpentine fashion in a channel within a member of such assembly. The channel is adapted to cradle a flexible, chemically inert, conformable conduit capable of manipulation into a variety of cooling patterns without crimping or otherwise restricting of coolant flow. The conduit, when assembled with the member, conforms into intimate contact with the member for good thermal conductivity. The conduit is non-corrodible and can be constructed as a single, manifold-free, continuous coolant passage means having only one inlet and one outlet.

Growing community of inventors

West Orange, NJ, United States of America

Arthur Kaufman