Ecolab USA Inc.

The University of Chicago

Uchicago Argonne, LLC

3m Innovative Properties Company

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company

Hydro-quebec

Nalco Company

Arthur J Kahaian

Michael M Thackeray

Christopher S Johnson

Rodney H Banks

Joe L Schwartz

John E Hoots

John Thomas Vaughey

Dmitri L Kouznetsov

Hui Li

David A Ambrose

Alexandra Knoth

Khalil Amine

Donald A Johnson

Donald R Vissers

Daniel R Vissers

Dennis W Dees

Steven R Hatch

Andrew Norbert Jansen

Sascha Welz

Chun-hua Chen

Jeom-Soo Kim

Keith D Kepler

Donald R Visser

Roy Benedek

Adam J Bauer

Lyle Sampson

Sasha J Welz

Christopher Brant Wilson

Alexandra M Knoth

Disclosed are methods that can be used to automatically calibrate a fluorescence-measuring instrument capable of continuously measuring the concentration of hardness in process water. The calibration method is used to compensate for drift of instrument and equipment, changes of operational conditions, and contamination of reagents and calibration standards. Calibration of the fluorescence-measuring instrument using the present calibration method improves both accuracy and repeatability for subsequent hardness concentration measurements.

Calibration method for water hardness measurement

A package comprising a body comprising a first compartment containing a first substance and a second compartment containing a second substance. The package includes a first state in which the first compartment is isolated from the second compartment such that the first substance is separated from the second substance, and a second state in which the first compartment communicates with the second compartment such that the first substance and the second substance combine.

Multi-compartment package

Methods for monitoring scale deposition in a water-containing industrial process are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the water-containing industrial process is an aqueous cooling system. In certain embodiments, the methods incorporate fluorometric monitoring and control techniques along with a piezoelectric microbalance sensor. A particular embodiment of a piezoelectric microbalance sensor is additionally disclosed, along with at least one method for using the particular embodiment that is independent of whether fluorometric monitoring and control techniques are utilized.

Device and methods of using a piezoelectric microbalance sensor

An electrochemical device includes a thermally-triggered intumescent material or a gas-triggered intumescent material. Such devices prevent or minimize short circuits in a device that could lead to thermal run-away. Such devices may include batteries or supercapacitors.

Materials for electrochemical device safety

Provided are automated methods for measuring soluble magnesium concentration in water using fluorescence. The methods employ the use of a pH-buffered liquid and a magnesium coordinating fluorescing reagent. In certain embodiments, the methods may further employ measuring total hardness concentration of the water by displacing any soluble calcium with soluble magnesium and then re-measuring the soluble magnesium concentration. Optionally, the soluble calcium concentration can be determined by subtracting the measured soluble magnesium concentration from the measured total hardness concentration.

Water hardness monitoring via fluorescence

A method for controlling a cooling water tower comprising: providing a cooling tower system, which includes a recirculated evaporative cooling water stream, a source of make-up water, an evaporative cooling unit, a heat exchanger, a bleed off line, and a bleed-off valve which is in communication with said bleed-off line; providing a plurality of conduits through which said makeup water flows into said evaporative cooling water stream, wherein there is at least a first conduit that contains a weak acid cation ion exchange column and a second conduit that does not contain a weak acid ion exchange column, and wherein each conduit has at least one conduit valve; choosing a pH and a conductivity setpoint value and a deadband value above and below said setpoint value in said cooling tower system; measuring both the pH of said evaporative cooling water stream with one or more pH meters and conductivity of said evaporative cooling water stream with one or more conductivity meters; and implementing a response to said conductivity measurements and pH measurements is disclosed.

Method for chemistry control in cooling systems

Lithium metal oxide compounds of nominal formula LiMO, in which M represents two or more positively charged metal ions, selected predominantly and preferably from the first row of transition metals are disclosed herein. The LiMOcompounds have a layered-type structure, which can be used as positive electrodes for lithium electrochemical cells, or as a precursor for the in-situ electrochemical fabrication of LiMOelectrodes. The LiMOcompounds of the invention may have additional functions in lithium cells, for example, as end-of-discharge indicators, or as negative electrodes for lithium cells.

Layered electrodes for lithium cells and batteries

A positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell comprising a LiMnMOspinel structure in which M is one or more metal cations with an atomic number less than 52, such that the average oxidation state of the manganese ions is equal to or greater than 3.5, and in which 0&#x2266;x&#x2266;0.15, having one or more lithium spine oxide LiM'Oor lithiated spinel oxide LiM&#x2032;Ocompounds on the surface thereof in which M&#x2032; are cobalt cations and in which 0&#x2266;y&#x2266;1.

Protective coating on positive lithium-metal-oxide electrodes for lithium batteries

Improved lithium vanadium oxide formulations are presented having a nominal formula of Li,V,M,O,. Herein preferred cation doped vanadium oxide materials, electrodes using such materials, and electrochemical cells including at least one electrode therein comprising such materials are provided.

Modified lithium vanadium oxide electrode materials and products

A spinel-type structure with the general formula Li&lsqb;Ti,Li,M,&rsqb;O,, for 0<y&lE;0.33, where M&equals;Mg and/or Al. The structure is usefid as a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrochemical cell and in a non-aqueous battery comprising an plurality of cells, electrically connected, each cell comprising a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a positive electrode, the negative electrode consisting of the spinel-type structure disclosed.

Lithium-titanium-oxide anodes for lithium batteries

A method of improving certain vanadium oxide formulations is presented. The method concerns fluorine doping formulations having a nominal formula of LiV.sub.3 O.sub.8. Preferred average formulations are provided wherein the average oxidation state of the vanadium is at least 4.6. Herein preferred fluorine doped vanadium oxide materials, electrodes using such materials, and batteries including at least one electrode therein comprising such materials are provided.

Modified lithium vanadium oxide electrode materials products and methods

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Chicago, IL, United States of America

Arthur J Kahaian