Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, LLC

Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC

Sun Catalytix Corporation

Arthur J Esswein

John Goeltz

Desiree Amadeo

Steven Y Reece

Evan R King

Thomas D Jarvi

Nitin Tyagi

Thomas Harry Madden

Daniel G Nocera

Srivatsava Venkataranga Puranam

Adam Morris-Cohen

Kimberly Sung

Zachary I Green

Stable solutions comprising high concentrations of charged coordination complexes, including iron hexacyanides are described, as are methods of preparing and using same in chemical energy storage systems, including flow battery systems. The use of these compositions allows energy storage densities at levels unavailable by other iron hexacyanide systems.

High solubility iron hexacyanides

This invention is directed to aqueous redox flow batteries comprising redox-active metal ligand coordination compounds. The compounds and configurations described herein enable flow batteries with performance and cost parameters that represent a significant improvement over that previous known in the art.

Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds

This invention is directed to aqueous redox flow batteries comprising ionically charged redox active materials and separators, wherein the separator is about 100 microns or less and the flow battery is capable of (a) operating with a current efficiency of at least 85% with a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm; (b) operating with a round trip voltage efficiency of at least 60% with a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm; and/or (c) giving rise to diffusion rates through the separator for the first active material, the second active material, or both, of about 1&#xd7;10mol/cm-sec or less.

Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring optimal membrane systems

This invention is directed to aqueous redox flow batteries comprising ionically charged redox active materials at least one of which is a sulfonated catechol.

Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics

The invention concerns flow batteries comprising: a first half-cell comprising: (i) a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first redox active material; and a first carbon electrode in contact with the first aqueous electrolyte; (ii) a second half-cell comprising: a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second redox active material; and a second carbon electrode in contact with the second aqueous electrolyte; and (iii) a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell; the first half-cell having a half-cell potential equal to or more negative than about &#x2212;0.3 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode; and the first aqueous electrolyte having a pH in a range of from about 8 to about 13, wherein the flow battery is capable of operating or is operating at a current density at least about 25 mA/cm.

Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring large negative half-cell potentials

Productive electrochemical reactions can often occur most effectively in proximity to a separator dividing an electrochemical cell into two half-cells. Parasitic reactions can often occur at locations more removed from the separator. Parasitic reactions are generally undesirable in flow batteries and other electrochemical systems, since they can impact operating performance. Flow batteries having a decreased incidence of parasitic reactions can include, a first half-cell containing a first electrode, a second half-cell containing a second electrode, a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell and contacting the first and second electrodes, a first bipolar plate contacting the first electrode, and a second bipolar plate contacting the second electrode, where a portion of the first electrode or the first bipolar plate contains a dielectric material. The first electrode and the first bipolar plate still define a contiguous electrically conductive pathway when containing the dielectric material.

Mitigation of parasitic reactions within flow batteries

Provided are compositions having the formula MTi(L1)(L2)(L3) wherein L1 is a catecholate, and L2 and L3 are each independently selected from catecholates, ascorbate, citrate, glycolates, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, hydroxyalkanoates, acetate, formate, benzoates, malate, maleate, phthalates, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, polyamine, aminophenolates, acetylacetone or lactate; each M is independently Na, Li, or K; n is 0 or an integer from 1-6. Also provided are energy storage systems.

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San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Arthur J Esswein