P. R. Mallory Co.

Duracell Inc.

Duracell International Inc.

Arabinda N Dey

William L Bowden

Per Bro

Noble E Hamilton

Robert W Holmes

Carl R Schlaikjer

James H Him

John S Miller

Han C Kuo

Mysore L Gopikanth

Donald L Foster

Thomas A Whitney

Bernard P Sullivan

G Stephen Kelsey

This invention relates to electrochemical cells wherein the cathode comprises ceramics containing copper oxides characterized as perovskites.

Electrochemical cells

An inexpensive, reliable seal for an electrochemical cell comprising tapered walls adjacent the upper open end of a metal cell container and a matched angle tapered metal cell top seated thereon with an interference fit with an insulating and sealing film of minimal thickness compressively held therebetween.

Seal for electrochemical cell

A totally inorganic non-aqueous rechargeable cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode such as of lithium, a sulfur dioxide containing electrolyte and a discharging metal halide cathode, such as of CuCl.sub.2, CuBr.sub.2 and the like with said metal halide being substantially totally insoluble in SO.sub.2 and admixed with a conductive carbon material.

Inorganic rechargeable non-aqueous cell

A novel inorganic non-aqueous electrochemical cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode, an inorganic electrolyte comprised of an SO.sub.2 solvent with an alkali or alkaline earth metal halide salt of aluminum, tantalum niobium or antimony, dissolved in the SO.sub.2 and a cathode comprised of a carbonaceous material having an apparent bulk density in excess of 5 lb/ft.sup.3 (80 gm/l). Lower bulk density carbonaceous material may, however, be used in electrolytes having high salt concentrations. Ketjenblack EC (furnace black) carbonaceous material may be admixed with a solid cathode active material which is substantially insoluble in the SO.sub.2 electrolyte to provide a high primary cell capacity and an effectively rechargeable cell. There is no SO.sub.2 per se discharge in the cell.

Inorganic non-aqueous cell

An extremely high rate flat cell and a method of fabrication thereof with the cell comprising successive stacked anode and cathode layers within a cell container comprised of two members with co-fitting external flanges. Each cathode layer embodies a metallic extension or tab therefrom for external terminal connection. The extensions of all the cathode layers are substantially symmetrically positioned between said co-fitting external flanges with said flanges and metallic extensions all being simultaneously welded together and electrically interconnected during cell sealing. The anode layers are electrically connected together, preferably by pressure contacting layers to each other adjacent to a metallic terminal member for said anode. Such a cell having a lithium anode, a carbon cathode and a thionyl chloride electrolyte solvent/cathode depolarizer (3' diameter.times.0.90' height) safely provides a short circuit current in excess of 1500 amperes at a voltage above 1 volt and about 14 ampere hours at a constant current of 100 amperes.

Method of fabricating an extremely high rate flat cell

A non-aqueous cell having a lithium anode is made abuse resistant by sandwiching and enclosing a thin substantially perforation-free copper foil or sheet between layers of lithium whereby the copper is isolated from the cell electrolyte.

Cell having improved abuse resistance

A method for preparing metal chromate cathode electrodes for use in non-aqueous lithium/chromate cells for medium to high discharge rate service is described. Cells utilizing such cathodes are also described. Chromates used include the chromates, dichromates and basic chromates of silver, copper, mercury and lead. The cathodes can be prepared without internal conductive elements or cohesive binders.

Lithium-metal chromate organic electrolyte cell and method for cathode

A non-aqueous cell containing a corrosive fluid cathode depolarizer such as thionyl chloride (SOCl.sub.2) and a metal cathode such as of cold rolled steel which is substantially corroded by said fluid depolarizer with the cell having improved high rate discharge characteristics.

Non-aqueous cell with fluid cathode depolarizer and corrodible cathode

Extremely high rate flat cell

A method for increasing the recycling life of an electrochemical cell containing a lithium (or other active metal subject to dendritic plating) anode and a clovoborate salt or other salt, which forms soluble oxidizing agents at elevated charging voltages, comprising the step of charging the cell at a potential above normal charging voltage whereby said soluble oxidizing agents are formed.

Method for increasing recycling life of non-aqueous cells

A secondary electrochemical cell comprising a solid anode, an electrolyte and a cathode. The anode is a solid solution of silver and a metal which is an alkaline or alkali earth metal. The metal is capable of forming a solid solution with the anode on the recharging of the anode. Alternatively, the cell is formed in the discharged state with a solid porous silver anode, a cathode, a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte containing the alkaline or alkaline earth metal salts therein. The alloyed anode improves the rechargeability of the cell.

Rechargeable nonaqueous silver alloy anode cell

An anode coating for anhydrous electrochemical generating cells is disclosed wherein the anode active material is immersed in an electrolyte solution and coated with the insoluble reaction product of the anode metal with an inhibiting reactant such as CO.sub.2, SO.sub.2, O.sub.2, NH.sub.3, and N.sub.2 saturated with respect to water vapor. This coating is insoluble in the cell under open circuit conditions and is stable with regard to said electrolyte but is removable in said electrolyte, when the cell is discharged with a negligible over voltage. The coated anodes and the method for making same are specifically described. Cells with anodes treated according to this invention have been stored at 55.degree. C., for extended periods with negligible self discharge.

High temperature organic electrolyte cells

A fluid depolarized cell containing an inert cathode with finely divided metal powder dispersed within said cathode. The metal powder such as nickel powder catalyzes the reaction of unstable decomposition products of the fluid depolarizer into more stable species. Cell safety and discharge capability are enhanced with reduced cathode passivation.

Fluid depolarized cell

Novel electrolyte salts having high current carrying capability and which substantially prevent voltage delay in cells containing fluid depolarizers such as thionyl chloride (SOCl.sub.2). The salts contain an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and a halo-gallate indate or thallate anion. The salts additionally preferably contain a chalcogen such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium therein.

Growing community of inventors

Needham, MA, United States of America

Arabinda N Dey