Nokia Technologies Oy

Nokia Corporation

Labmaster Oy

Antti Niskanen

David Bitauld

Hongwei Li

Joachim Wabnig

Jani Kivioja

Sakari Kulmala

Richard White

Mark G Thompson

Chris Bower

Troels Roennow

Leo Mikko Johannes Kärkkäinen

Khan Baykaner

Samuli Franssila

Jeremy Lloyd O'Brien

Philip Gordon Derrick

Kari Loikas

Tiina Ylinen-Hinkka

Li Hongwei

Anthony Laing

Mirko Lobino

Aija Kulmala

Matti Pusa

Mark Thompson

Jeremy O'BRIEN

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to obtain a document, segmented into a first number of segments (), obtain the first number of outputs of a cryptographic operation, such that for each output, a random value and a document segment are employed to generate an input to the cryptographic operation (), build a Merkle tree based on the outputs of the cryptographic operation (), and store a top hash of the Merkle tree in a block chain ().

Secure document management

In accordance with an example embodiment a method, apparatus and computer program product are provided. The method comprises receiving, at an apparatus, a sampled data associated with an activity from one or more sensors wirelessly coupled to the apparatus. The sampled data is generated at the one or more sensors based on a compressive sampling of an activity data associated with the activity. The compressive sampling is performed based on a sampling information. The activity is classified based at least on the sampled data. An error associated with the classification of the activity is determined. The sampling information is updated or retained based on a comparison of the error with a threshold error. The updated sampling information is utilized for generating an updated sampled data. The updated sampled data facilitates in reclassification of the activity.

Method, apparatus and computer program product for activity recognition

A data processing system is disclosed for machine learning. The system comprises a sampling module () and a computational module () interconnected by a data communications link (). The computational module is configured to store a parameter vector representing an energy function of a network having a plurality of visible units connected using links to a plurality of hidden units, each link being a relationship between two units. The sampling module is configured to receive the parameter vector from the first processing module and to sample from the probability distribution defined by the parameter vector to produce state vectors for the network. The computational module is further configured to receive the state vectors from the second processing module and to apply an algorithm to produce new data. The sampling and computational modules are configured to operate independently from one another.

Data processing

Methods and apparatuses for communication between a mobile device and a target device are disclosed. Information of a target device is determined by means of at least one element of a mobile device for providing an optical link with the target device. An optical component of the mobile device is then aligned with an optical component of the target device based on said information determined by the mobile device. The target device can obtain information of relative positioning of the target device and the mobile device determined for the purposes of providing an optical link between the target device and the mobile device and the optical component thereof can be aligned with the optical component of the mobile device based on the information.

Optical link establishment

According to an example aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising a first optical converter coupled to a fiber interface and to two waveguides, a dual rail encoder configured to encode dual rail form light from the two waveguides with payload information, and wherein the dual rail encoder is coupled to the first optical converter or to a second optical converter disposed between the dual rail encoder and the fiber interface, and wherein the first optical converter or the second optical converter is coupled so as to provide polarization encoded light into the fiber interface.

Fibre-optic communication based on dual-rail and polarization encoding

Methods and apparatus for use in quantum cryptographic applications are disclosed. An optical signal having a first wavelength is encoded for quantum cryptography at a stage where the optical signal is on at least two signal paths. The wavelength of the encoded optical signal on the at least two signal paths is converted to a second wavelength before the optical signal is encoded for transmission. Encoding for transmission is applied to the optical signal on the second wavelength.

Method and apparatus for quantum cryptography

For secure wireless communications the sender device uses a rail encoder that outputs dual rail-encoded states of light in a time slot. The states of light dual rail-encode information according to a phase and/or intensity difference between the dual rails, and the rail-encoded states of light may further be converted to a polarization-encoded state. This may be implemented using at least two polarizing beam-splitters with at least one quarter-wave plate disposed therebetween; and/or with integrated waveguides that convert three optical inputs to two optical outputs that are input to a polarization rotator-combiner. The encoder may randomly define the polarization-encoded state such as by randomly selecting from a finite number of at least N=3 possible polarization rotations. The recipient device may use 2N parallel channels to decode the dual rail-encoded states of light, each channel comprising a detector configured to detect one of N possible polarization states.

Secured wireless communications

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a dual-rail encoder () configured to receive light from a light source and to output dual-rail encoded light, a combiner () configured to convert the dual-rail encoded light into polarization encoded light, and at least one processing core configured to obtain compensation adjustment information concerning a fiber () and to control the dual-rail encoder () based at least in part on the compensation adjustment information.

Fiber-based communication

Methods and apparatuses, including computer program code are disclosed. The apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one processor, the at least one memory, and the computer program code may be configured to cause the apparatus to generate a divergent beam for an optical source that is coincident with a divergent beam for an optical detector. The apparatus may determine an adjustment to a mirror to cause an optical alignment of an incoming beam with the optical detector based on at least an optical intensity across the optical detector, wherein the alignment is with respect to at least another apparatus. The apparatus may adjust a position of the mirror according to the determined adjustment, and change the divergent beam to a collimated beam to enable optical communications with the other apparatus via the collimated beam.

Free-space optical communications for mobile devices

Adjustment of an optical component of a device includes determining of at least one derivative of coupling efficiency of the optical component as a function of parameters used for control of a steering function of the optical component. At least one oscillating component is induced into the parameters for the determining. The adjustment of the optical component is based on the determined at least one derivative.

Alignment of optical devices

Apparatuses and methods for producing and/or receiving an optical beam are disclosed, A phased array on a chip comprises phase shifters and off-chip couplers to provide phase controlled pixels. An optical system is arranged in front of the phased array. The optical system is configured to concentrate light from the phased array and/or expand a received beam of light for input into the phased array.

Optical beams

A system comprising: at least one sensor and at least one control apparatus wherein; the sensor comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform; compressing a sensor data signal using a sampling basis to obtain a compressed data signal; and in response to a first feedback signal changing a sampling basis used to obtain the compressed data signal; and wherein the control apparatus comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform; receiving the data signal from the at least one sensor; determining a quality of the received data signal; and if the quality of the received data signal is within a first threshold providing a feedback signal to control the sampling basis of the sensor.

Methods, apparatus and computer programs for obtaining data

Methods and apparatus for distribution of keys are disclosed. An optical signal for carrying encoded information in accordance with a quantum key distribution scheme is generated. The generated optical signal has a wavelength which is changed to another wavelength prior to transmission of the optical signal. The optical signal carrying the encoded information and having the changed wavelength is received, where after decoding of the information takes place by means of detector apparatus operating in the changed wavelength.

Quantum key distribution

The disclosure relates to secured wireless communications. A sender device emits randomly photons in a first polarization, a second polarization and a third polarization without aligning a polarization system in a plane perpendicular to the first and second polarizations with a recipient device. The recipient device is adapted for detection of events in association with six polarizations. The recipient device selects randomly polarization basis for measurement of the received photons. Information of detected events in association with three basis is communicated to the sender device. The information from the recipient device and information stored in the sender device is processed to determine events where same polarization basis was used by the sender device and the recipient device.

The invention relates to electrode chip (EChip) cartridge devices which are used in hot electron-induced electro-chemiluminescence (HECL) and electroluminescence (EL) methods and instrumentation based on the electrical excitation of label molecules with subsequent measurement of the luminescence in order to quantitate analyte concentrations in bioaffinity assays, especially outside of central laboratories, but also in rapid screening tests.

Growing community of inventors

Cambridge, United Kingdom

Antti Niskanen