Texaco Inc.

Anthony Macaluso, Sr

Orville W Rigdon

Lawrence F Kuntschik

A petroleum oxidate of gel resistant properties characterized by a Neut. No. between about 40 and 50, a Sap. No. between about 85 and 105, a specific gravity between about 0.99 and 1.03, a viscosity (SUS at 210.degree. F.) of between about 1200 and 2500 and a melting point of between about 85.degree. and 115.degree. F.; a calcium soap thereof having a calcium content of between about 1.2 and 1.9 wt. % and a melting point between about 155.degree. and 230.degree. F. of gel resistant properties under cutback conditions; said oxidate, calcium soap and cutback thereof respectively prepared by contacting a deasphalted naphthene base residual oil having a molecular weight of between about 300 and 900, a saturate content between about 40 and 60 wt. %, an aromatic content between about 60 and 40 wt. %, a methylene to methyl group mole ratio of between about 1:1 and 2.5:1, and an SUS viscosity (210.degree. F.) of between about 150 and 170, with air at an air rate of between about 5 and 40 SCFH/lb. residual oil charge in the presence of between about 0.2 and 2 lbs. metaliferous oxidation catalyst per pound charge oil under a pressure of between about 0 and 500 atmospheres at a temperature between about 250.degree. and 400.degree. F. for a period of normally between about 1 and 5 hours to form said petroleum oxidate which is then further reacted with calcium hydroxide in a hydroxide amount of between about 100 and 125 wt. % of stoichiometric at a temperature of between about 275.degree. and 357.degree. F. and cutting back the formed calcium soap with inert petroleum hydrocarbon solvent to form a cutback calcium oxidate soap composition containing between 0.1 and 90 wt. % of said oxidate soap of corrosion inhibiting and anti gel properties.

Petroleum oxidate and calcium derivatives thereof

Disclosed is a process for separating unreacted olefins, paraffins, aldehydes and alcohols from the catalyst and heavy ends from the hydroformylation process by using thin film distillation. In this process, the crude oxo product is metered into a thin film evaporator wherein the distillate containing olefins, paraffins, aldehydes and alcohols is rapidly separated by a continuous wiping action from the residue which contains the catalyst complex and the heavy ends. The various products are fractionated while the residue is directly recycled.

Hydroformylation

It has been discovered that heating C.sub.4 -C.sub.17 internal olefins to 300.degree.F to 500.degree.F for about 15 to 30 minutes in the presence of an oxo catalyst prior to hydroformylation results in a higher selectivity to primary alcohols than does the conventional hydroformylation procedure of heating all the reactants together.

Synthesis of linear primary alcohols from internal olefins

A hydroformylation process for increasing the yield of straight chain unsubstituted primary alcohols from predominantly terminal olefins by contacting the olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a cobalt catalyst is characterized by the incorporation of aqueous base in a base to cobalt molar ratio of about 10:1 to 20:1 in the reaction mixture before or after heating the same to reaction temperature. The base introduced in the oxo reactor while hydroformylation is occurring continuously converts by-products acetals and esters to the corresponding primary alcohols, thereby considerably increasing the yield thereof.

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Port Arthur, TX, United States of America

Anthony Macaluso, Sr