Celanese Gmbh

Hoechst Celanese Corporation

Other

Clariant Finance (bvi) Limited

Clariant International Ltd

Hna Holdings, Inc.

Anthony J East

Gordon W Calundann

Larry F Charbonneau

Ronald N DeMartino

Hyun-Nam Yoon

Anthony B Conciatori

Iain McCulloch

Ming Kang

Richard Keosian

Eui W Choe

Harris A Goldberg

James E Kuder

Michael J Sansone

Alan Buckley

Kenneth G Davenport

Garo Khanarian

Charles B Hilton

Sol J Barer

Bennett C Ward

Wilson B Ray

Donald Raskin

Brian B Marr

Tze-Pei Tien

Ching F Shu

Karsten Blatter

James L McGinnis

Connie R Walton

Ian L Hay

Scott R Hagedorn

A polymer that when used with a suitable photoacid generator (PAG) forms a positive working photoresist. The polymer comprises of a tartaric polyanhydride backbone, an acetal protected 1,2 diol group; and a fused ring acetal group pendant to the backbone. The acetal protected .alpha.-hydroxy anhydride backbone structure, undergoes an efficient photoacid catalyzed cleavage, which gives rise to small molecular weight fragments which are readily dissolved in an aqueous base developer. This high contrast in solubility allows high resolution images to be produced. The fused rings offer etch resistance and can be comprised of either an adamantone or norcamphor ring structure. With the addition of a commercially available photo acid generator, the polymer formulation forms a positive working photoresist that offers high contrast and resolution.

193 nm positive-working photoresist composition

In one embodiment, this invention discloses polyester-based toner particles suitable to be dyed directly and coated with charge control agent and flow agent to result in particles suitable for color toner applications. The particles have ideal particle size, shape and distribution for such applications.

Toner particles for electrophotographic imaging applications

A water soluble polymer that when used with a suitable photoacid generator (PAG) forms a negative working water soluble photoresist. The polymer comprises of a backbone, such as polyvinyl ether, coupled by a linkage group to an acetal protected .beta.-keto acid group. With the addition of a number of commercially available photo acid generators, the polymer formulation forms a negative working photoresist that is water soluble. Exposure to radiation will cause a photoacid catalyzed deprotection of the acetal group, yielding a .beta.-keto acid which, upon heating, will undergo decarboxylation, which results in a water insoluble photoproduct and evolution of CO.sub.2 as a byproduct. This photochemically induced reaction results in a significant change in the polymer solubility parameter, and the product is no longer soluble in water. As this solubility change does not require crosslinking, there will be no swelling of the resist images on exposure to the aqueous base during development, and hence no loss of resolution. This enables the photoresist to be used at fine resolutions at i-line and deep UV wavelengths.

Water soluble negative-working photoresist composition

This invention provides novel polymers which contain discrete photoconductive and electrooptic moieties. The moieties may exist as part of the main chain of the polymer or as pendant side chains. The polymers have utility as transparent photorefractive media in photorefractive devices. An invention polymer where both the photoconductive and electrooptic moieties exist as pendant side chains is illustrated by the copolymer of the following structure: ##STR1##

Photorefractive polymers containing discrete photoconductive and

In one embodiment this invention provides novel side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in all-optical and electrooptical light switch and light modulator devices. The invention side chain copolymer is illustrated by the following structure: ##STR1##

Copolymer with side chains exhibiting nonlinear optical response

In one embodiment this invention provides vinylidene cyanide copolymers with alternating monomeric units as illustrated by the following structure: ##STR1## An invention vinylidene cyanide copolymer in the form of an electret film exhibits a high level of longitudinal piezoelectric effect, and has excellent processability properties. An electret film which has an external electric field-induced noncentrosymmetric dipolar molecular orientation exhibits second order nonlinear optical susceptibility under light propagation conditions.

Vinylidene cyanide alternating copolymers exhibiting nonlinear optical

In one embodiment this invention provides vinylidene copolymers with alternating monomeric units as illustrated by the following structure: ##STR1## An invention vinylidene copolymer in the form of an electret film exhibits a high level of longitudinal piezoelectric effect, and has excellent processability and thermal stability properties.

Vinylidene cyanide alternating copolymers

A method is provided for the production of 3,3', 4,4'-tetraaminobiphenyl (TAB) from biphenyl comprising the following steps:

Method for the production of 3,3'4,4'-tetraaminobiphenyl

This invention provides novel bisacrylate monomers and thermoset polymers which exhibit nonlinear optical response. The polymers have utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices. An invention bisacrylate monomer is illustrated by the following structure: ##STR1##

Bisacrylate monomers and polymers exhibiting nonlinear optical response

In a preferred embodiment this invention provides a second order nonlinear optical film medium which consists of a thermoplastic copolymer which has a crystallographic molecular alignment, and a net dipolar molecular orientation normal to the film plane. The crystallographic molecular alignment is formed by axial mechanical stressing, and the dipolar molecular orientation is induced by an electric or magnetic field. Illustrative of an invention polymer is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and 4-[N-(10-methacroyloxydecyl)]-4'-nitrostilbene: ##STR1##

Copolymeric nonlinear optical media

This invention provides novel side chain liquid crystalline polymers. An invention polymer exhibits nonlinear optical response, and has utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices. A present invention side chain liquid crystalline polymer is illustrated by the following acrylate structure with pendant mesogenic side chains: ##STR1##

Side chain liquid crystalline polymers exhibiting nonlinear optical

This invention provides novel side chain liquid crystalline polymers. An invention polymer exhibits nonlinear optical response, and has utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices. A present invention side chain liquid crystalline polymer is illustrated by the following arcylate structure with pendant mesogenic side chains: ##STR1##

This invention provides a process for the bioconversion of a non-growth aromatic feed to an accumulated quantity of a picolinic acid product with reduced accumulation of 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde, and conducted in the presence of ammonium or a primary amine, which acid subsequently can be converted by chemical means to a pyridine product.

Growing community of inventors

Madison, NJ, United States of America

Anthony J East