University of California

Candela Corporation

University of Texas System

The United States of America

New England Medical Center Hospitals. Inc.

The Governmemt of the United States of America

Anthony J Durkin

Bruce J Tromberg

David Cuccia

James C Hsia

Frederic Bevilacqua

Bernard H Choi

Marwood N Ediger

Karl Pope

Rebecca Rae Richards-Kortum

J Stuart Nelson

Dilip Y Paithankar

Kathleen McMillan

Urs Utzinger

Amaan Mazhar

Ann M Gillenwater

Stanley M Shapshay

Vivian M Chenault

L Stephanie Matchette

Douglas L Heintzelman

Holger Fuchs

Sheng-hao Tseng

Kyle Nadeau

Byungjo Jung

Sheng-Hao Tseng

The present invention relates to methods and devices that may be used to extract spatial frequency information. In one embodiment, the invention provides an instrument configured to extract data using a two-dimensional (2D) Hilbert transform technique, and providing spatial frequency information from a sample. In another embodiment, the invention provides a spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) device adapted for demodulation using two or less imaging frames.

Method for extraction of spatial frequency information for quantitative tissue imaging

An apparatus for wide-field functional imaging (WiFI) of tissue includes a spatially modulated reflectance/fluorescence imaging (SI) device capable of quantitative subsurface imaging across spatial scales, and a laser speckle imaging (LSI) device capable of quantitative subsurface imaging across spatial scales using integrated with the (SI) device. The SI device and LSI device are capable of independently providing quantitative measurement of tissue functional status.

Apparatus and method for widefield functional imaging (WiFI) using integrated structured illumination and laser speckle imaging

A probe for obtaining quantitative optical properties and chromophore concentrations of tissue components in tissue in-vivo at superficial depths and at source-detector separations of 5 mm or less includes a source fiber providing light to expose the tissue, a diffuser layer into which light from the source fiber is directed and then from the diffuser layer to and/or into the tissue, and a detector fiber arranged relative to the diffuser layer for detecting backscattered and/or reflected light returned from the tissue without transmission through the diffuser layer.

Method and apparatus for quantification of optical properties of superficial volumes using small source-to-detector separations

A method and an apparatus for noninvasively and quantitatively determining spatially resolved absorption and reduced scattering coefficients over a wide field-of-view of a food object, including fruit or produce, uses spatial-frequency-domain imaging (SFDI). A single modulated imaging platform is employed. It includes a broadband light source, a digital micromirror optically coupled to the light source to control a modulated light pattern directed onto the food object at a plurality of selected spatial frequencies, a multispectral camera for taking a spectral image of a reflected modulated light pattern from the food object, a spectrally variable filter optically coupled between the food object and the multispectral camera to select a discrete number of wavelengths for image capture, and a computer coupled to the digital micromirror, camera and variable filter to enable acquisition of the reflected modulated light pattern at the selected spatial frequencies.

Method and apparatus for performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of produce (fruit, vegetables) using spatially structured illumination

An improvement in a method for quantitative modulated imaging to perform depth sectioned reflectance or transmission imaging in a turbid medium, such as human or animal tissue is directed to the steps of encoding periodic pattern of illumination preferably with a fluorescent excitation wavelength when exposing a turbid medium to the periodic pattern to provide depth-resolved discrimination of structures within the turbid medium; and reconstructing a non-contact three dimensional image of the structure within a turbid medium. As a result, wide field imaging, separation of the average background optical properties from the heterogeneity components from a single image, separation of superficial features from deep features based on selection of spatial frequency of illumination, or qualitative and quantitative structure, function and composition information is extracted from spatially encoded data.

Method and apparatus for high resolution spatially modulated fluorescence imaging and tomography

A digital imaging system provides color information of an entire port wine stain or other skin condition with a single image in CIE L*a*b* color space (L*, a*) derived from RGB pixel data (R, G, B). Cross-polarization optics produce marked reduction in specularly reflected light in the images. A patient positioning device allows for repeatable positioning of the patient's head or body portion. The digital nature of the system provides a near real-time mapping of melanin and erythema or other skin chromophore metrics. The cross-polarized diffuse reflectance color digital imaging system obtains subsurface skin color information and acquisition of facial images in a reproducible fashion at a fixed distance from an illumination source at optimized angles of view depending on the region of interest being imaged.

Method and apparatus for characterization of chromophore content and distribution in skin using cross-polarized diffuse reflectance imaging

A device and method for accurately performing quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy on a sample includes a light source and a source optical fiber that is optically coupled to the light source. A diffuser material is interposed between the source optical fiber and the sample, the diffuser material comprising a high scattering, low absorption material. The diffuser material effectively increases the photon path length from the light source to the sample, which limits the depth of interrogation to superficial volumes despite the penetrating nature of the radiation typically used. A detector optical fiber is provided adjacent to or laterally disposed from the source optical fiber. The detector optical fiber is coupled to a detector which detects photons collected in the detector optical fiber. The detector optical fiber and the source optical fiber may be separated by a distance of less than 5 mm while still permitting the diffusion approximation to remain valid.

Method and apparatus for quantification of optical properties of superficial volumes

Illumination with a pattern of light allows for subsurface imaging of a turbid medium or tissue, and for the determination of the optical properties over a large area. Both the average and the spatial variation of the optical properties can be noninvasively determined. Contact with the sample or scanning is not required but may be desired. Subsurface imaging is performed by filtering the spectrum of the illumination in the Fourier domain but other filtering approaches, such as wavelet transform, principle component filter, etc may be viable as well. The depth sensitivity is optimized by changing the spatial frequency of illumination. A quantitative analysis of the average optical properties and the spatial variation of the optical properties is obtained. The optical properties, i.e. reduced scattering and absorption coefficients are determined from the modulated transfer function, MTF.

Method and apparatus for performing quantitative analysis and imaging surfaces and subsurfaces of turbid media using spatially structured illumination

Disclosed herein is a method of treating mammalian, for example, human, skin afflicted with a sebaceous follicle disorder, for example, acne. The method involves cooling an exposed surface of a region afflicted with the disorder and applying energy, for example, energy from a coherent or incoherent light source, to the region. The applied energy reduces the size and/or density of lesions associated with the disorder in the treated region, and can reduce or otherwise alleviate lesion-associated skin inflammation in the treated region. Cooling preserves the surface, for example, epidermis, of the skin. The method, therefore, is effective at treating the disorder while at the same time avoiding or minimizing thermal damage to the exposed surface of the skin.

Method of treating disorders associated with sebaceous follicles

The invention provides methods for the use of Raman spectroscopy to non-invasively detect molecular characteristics of the constituents of the aqueous humor, vitreous humor, lens or retina. The method can be employed for the detection of molecular changes underlying ocular pathologies. In one embodiment of the invention, the method involves the steps of introducing light into the eye of the subject using a laser; collecting Raman spectra emitted from the eye; dispersing the collected Raman spectra onto a detector; and analyzing detected Raman spectral data to identify a molecular change related to an ocular pathology. The non-invasive method provided by the invention makes use of techniques and equipment that enable detection of Raman spectra with light intensities that fall within acceptable safety standards.

Method for non-invasive identification of individuals at risk for diabetes

A probe for the characterization of optical properties, including scattering and absorption properties of a sample, such as medical and industrial samples, includes an illumination fiber to radiate light toward an object and at least two collection fibers to receive light diffusely reflected from the object. At least two of the collection fibers are spaced at different distances from the illumination fiber. A region of the sample is illuminated with light from the illumination fiber. A portion of the light is diffusely reflected by the region. A portion of the diffusely reflected light is received by the two or more collection fibers. The region is characterized based on an amount of light received by each of the collection fibers. When the method is used for medical purposes, the characterization of the region may be used to make a diagnosis.

Optical fiber probe and methods for measuring optical properties

Methods and apparatus for performing fluorescence and spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy on a sample. A sample is irradiated with a fluorescence excitation fiber and radiation is collected from the sample with a fluorescence collection fiber and detected to form fluorescence spectra. The sample is also illuminated with a reflectance illumination fiber and reflected light from the sample is collected at a plurality of collection positions and detected to form spatially resolved reflectance spectra. The fibers may form a probe arranged in concentric sections. The spectra are analyzed by pre-processing and reducing the dimensionality of the spectral data.

Combined fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy

The present invention features various methods and systems for performing radiation treatment of skin in connection with dynamic cooling of tissue, while minimizing or preventing occurrence of light flash during the treatment.

Dynamic cooling of tissue for radiation treatment

A method for performing radiation treatment of skin in connection with dynamic cooling of tissue, while minimizing or preventing occurrence of light flash during the treatment.

A method for treating sleep-disordered breathing syndromes, for example, snoring in a mammal. The method involves applying energy, for example, energy from laser light, to a preselected region of soft palate tissue in the mammal in an amount and duration sufficient to induce thermal injury to subepithelial tissue in the preselected region of soft palate tissue while minimizing thermal injury to epithelial tissue in the preselected region of soft palate tissue. Thermal injury of the subepithelial tissue results in stiffening of the preselected region of soft palate tissue thereby ameliorating the symptoms of the sleep-disordered breathing syndrome.

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Irvine, CA, United States of America

Anthony J Durkin