The Boeing Company

Andy Armatorio

Gary Alan Ray

Robert Paul Higgins

Paul Stanley Nordman

Richard John Loftis

Tuan A Nguyen

A structural substrate for an aircraft structure and methods are presented. A multi-layer hybrid composite material comprises an outermost layer, an intermediate layer, and an innermost layer. The outermost layer comprises an electrically conductive metal matrix composite that conducts electricity to provide electric heating. The intermediate layer comprises an electrical insulator coupled to the outermost layer. The innermost layer comprises a composite coupled to the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer electrically insulates the outermost layer from the innermost layer.

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Everett, WA, United States of America

Andy Armatorio