Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Andrey Soukhojak

Yet-Ming Chiang

Nesbitt Ward Hagood, Iv

Haifeng Wang

Gregory W Farrey

Sossity A Sheets

A perovskite compound of the formula, (NaBi)M(TiM')O, where M is one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; and M&#x2032; is one or more of Zr, Hf, Sn, Ge, Mg, Zn, Al, Sc, Ga, Nb, Mo, Sb, Ta, W, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, and 0.01&#x3c;x&#x3c;0.3, and 0.01&#x3c;y&#x3c;0.3, and z&#x3c;0.1 functions as an electromechanically active material. The material may possess electrostrictive or piezoelectric characteristics.

Electromechanical actuators

A single crystal perovskite material is provided having the formula, M,Bi,M&prime;,M&Prime;,O,, where M is one or more of Na, K, Rb and Cs; M&prime; is one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; and M&Prime; is one or more of Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ge, Mg, Zn, Al, Sc, Ga, Nb, Mo, Sb, Ta and W; where z&lE;0.1; 0.9&lE;&dgr;&lE;1.1; &agr;, &bgr; and &ggr; are greater than zero; and (&agr;&plus;&bgr;&plus;&ggr;) is in the range of about 0.75 to 1.1. A perovskite material of the formula, Na,M,Bi,M&prime;,M&Prime;,O,, is provided where M is one or more of K, Rb and Cs; M&prime; is one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; M&Prime; is one or more of Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ge, Mg, Zn, Al, Sc, Ga, Nb, Mo, Sb, Ta and W; where z&lE;0.1; 0.9&lE;&dgr;&lE;1.1; &agr;, &bgr; and &ggr; are greater than zero; and (&agr;&plus;&bgr;&plus;&ggr;) is in the range of about 0.75 to 1.1. The materials exhibit improved d,and piezoelectric strain values, as well as low hysteresis.

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Somerville, MA, United States of America

Andrey Soukhojak