University of California

University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc

Andrew Z Haddad

Robert Kostecki

Jeffrey J Urban

Robert M Buchanan

Craig A Grapperhaus

Ravi Shankar Prasher

Caleb Aaron Calvary

Akanksha K Menon

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to water desalination. In one aspect, a method includes generating a diluted draw solution using forward osmosis. Wastewater is on a first side of an osmotic membrane and a draw solution is on a second side of the osmotic membrane. The draw solution comprises a mixture of water and an ionic liquid. Water in the wastewater diffuses across the osmotic membrane to the draw solution to form the diluted draw solution. The diluted draw solution is heated using a photonic heater to a temperature above a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the ionic liquid to phase separate the diluted draw solution into the ionic liquid and treated water.

Systems and methods for water desalination using thermo-responsive ionic liquids regenerated by solar energy

In some embodiments, this application relates to inventive compounds (e.g., Formula (I), Formula (II), thiosemicarbazones and/or thiosemicarbazones and their metal (e.g., zinc, cobalt, nickel, or copper) complexes, and extended structures thereof), methods for preparation of the inventive compounds, compositions comprising the inventive compounds (e.g., anode, cathodes, catalysts (e.g., electrocatalysts), glassy carbon electrodes, carbon paste electrodes, covalently modified carbon (e.g., modified graphene)), electrochemical cells comprising compositions that comprise one or more inventive compounds, fuel cells comprising compositions that comprise one or more inventive compounds, uses of one or more inventive compounds to produce H(e.g., via an electrochemical cell), and uses of one or more inventive compounds to create energy from H(e.g., via a fuel cell). Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.

Compounds, their preparation, related compositions, catalysts, electrochemical cells, fuel cells, and uses thereof

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Berkeley, CA, United States of America

Andrew Z Haddad