University of Leicester

Scionix Limited

Naturex Sa

Andrew Peter Abbott

David L Davies

Robert Harris

Raymond K Rasheed

Vasuki Tambyrajah

Glen Capper

David Lloyd Davies

Raymond Kelvin Rasheed

Antoine Charles Bily

Simona Birtic

Mathieu Tenon

Karl Ryder

Alexis Lavaud

Michaël Laguerre

Hadi Mohammad Ali Abood

Gordon Roberts

Paul Cullis

Farjad Ahmed

William Primrose

Karl Scott Ryder

Hadi Abood

The present invention relates to processes for forming eutectic extracts, processes for purifying eutectic extracts and uses of the eutectic extracts such as in food-stuffs, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and supplements, such as food supplements and sports supplements.

Eutectic extract formation and purification

There is provided an electrolyte for the electrodeposition of chromium comprising:

Electrolyte for electroplating

There is provided a mixture having a freezing point of up to 100&#xb0; C. formed by a process comprising the step of contacting: (A) from 1 to 2 equivalents of a compound of formula (I) AlX(I) wherein each X independently represents Cl, Br or F; with (B) 1 equivalent of a compound of formula (II) R&#x2014;C(O)&#x2014;N(R)(R) (II) wherein Rto Rhave meanings given in the description. There is also provided further mixtures containing additional components, as well as methods of using the mixtures in various applications, such as for the electroreduction of the mixtures to produce aluminum metal.

Ionic liquids

There is provided a mixture having a freezing point of up to 50&#xb0; C., formed by reaction between: (A) one molar equivalent of a salt of formula I (M)(X)I or a hydrate thereof; and (B) from one to eight molar equivalents of a complexing agent comprising one or more uncharged organic compounds, each of which compounds has (i) a hydrogen atom that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the anion X; and (ii) a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, S, N and P that is capable of forming a coordinative bond with the metal ion M, which reaction is performed in the absence of extraneous solvent, wherein M, Xmind a have meaning given in the description.

Eutectic mixtures based upon multivalent metal ions

Ionic compounds having a freezing point of no more than 50&#xb0; C., formed by the reaction of at least one amine salt of the formula RRRRNX(I) with at least one hydrated salt, which is a chloride, nitrate, sulphate or acetate of Li, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Bi, La or Ce; wherein R, Rand Rare each independently a Cto Calkyl or a Cto Ccycloalkyl group, or wherein Rand Rtaken together represent a Cto Calkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula (I) a 5 to 11 membered heterocyclic ring, and wherein Ris hydrogen, or phenyl, or Cto Calkyl or cycloalkyl group, optionally substituted with at least one group selected from OH, Cl, Br, F, I, phenyl, NH, CN, NO, COOR, CHO, CORand OR, wherein Ris a Cto Calkyl or cycloalkyl group, and Xis an anion capable of being complexed by the said hydrated salt. The compounds are useful as solvents, electrolytes, and catalysts, and have particular application in solvents/electrolytes for metal plating and electropolishing processes, in particular in chromium plating.

Ionic liquids and their use

Ionic compounds with a freezing point of up to 100&#xb0; C. are formed by the reaction of an one amine salt of formula (I) RRRRNX, such as choline chloride with an organic compound (II) capable of forming a hydrogen bond with X; such as urea, wherein the molar ration of I to II is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. R, R, Rand Rmay be H, optionally substituted Cto Calkyl, optionally substituted Cto Ccycloalkyl, optionally substituted Cto Caryl, optionally substituted Cto Calkaryl, or Rand Rtaken together may represent a Cto Coptionally substituted alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula I a 5 to 11-membered heterocyclic ring and all of R, R, Rand Rare not identical, Xmay be NO, F, Cl, Br, I, BF, ClO, CN, SOCF, or COOCF. The ionic compounds are useful as solvents, and electrolytes for example in electroplating, electrowinning, and electropolishing, and as catalysts.

Ionic liquids and their use as solvents

The present invention concerns class II cytochrome P450s, electrochemical systems for assaying cytochrome P450 catalytic activity, apparatus and methods for same.

Cytochrome P450 electrochemical system

Growing community of inventors

Leicester, United Kingdom

Andrew Peter Abbott