Xerox Corporation

University System of Maryland

The University of Birmingham

Andrew Joseph Furman

Roger N Ciccarelli

Thomas R Pickering

Denise R Bayley

Ali Mazaheri

David A Seminowicz

Belt fastener

Provided herein are methods to predict pain sensitivity and pain intensity to prolonged pain in a subject. Electroencephalograms are recorded in a pain-free state or, alternatively, in a pain-free state and after applying a prolonged pain stimulus in a prolonged pain state. Pain-free and prolonged pain peak alpha frequencies or &#x394;PAF are measured. These values correlate negatively with the likelihood of increased pain sensitivity and increased pain intensity. Also provided is a method for predicting a likelihood of chronic pain in a subject after a medical procedure and designing a plan to treat the chronic pain.

Method for predicting pain sensitivity

A toner composition includes a binder, a colorant, and a treated alumina, wherein the treated alumina includes alumina particles treated with a treatment agent. The treatment agent can be, for example, an alkylalkoxysilane such as decyltrimethoxysilane.

Toner compositions with surface additives

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Monticello, MN, United States of America

Andrew Joseph Furman