Zeneca Limited

Avecia Limited

Astra Zeneca U.k. Limited

Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

University of Leeds

Merck + Co., Inc.

Npil Pharmaceuticals (uk) Limited

Andrew John Blacker

Robert Antony Holt

John Crosby

Christopher David Reeve

John A Herbert

Stephen Martin Brown

Andrew G Brewster

Jan Michael Fielden

Derek Raymond Boyd

Robert Jeffrey Copeland

Ben James Mellor

Martin Charles Bowden

David J Mathre

Paul Sohar

John Heathcote Atherton

Howard Dalton

Patrick Columba McGowan

Lynne Alison Campbell

Ian Nicholas Houson

David Anthony Jackson

David Dodman

Nigel Bowers

Jonathan Michael Jeremy Williams

Christian Bubert

Martin Brown

Gary N Sheldrake

Roberta Lanaro

Stephen Philip Marsden

David Moody

Richard Anthony Bourne

William Robert Reynolds

Patrick Columba Mcgowan

Robert Anthony Holt

A process for reducing microbial growth in solutions of sugars extracted from waste materials, the process comprising monitoring indicators of microbial growth in the solution in situ and administering an antimicrobial; a sugar substrate obtained by concentrating a solution of sugar treated using the process; an apparatus for extracting sugars from waste materials, the apparatus comprising a reaction vessel (), one or more sensors () for monitoring indicators of microbial growth in the reaction vessel, a software for analysing signals from the sensor and a source of antimicrobial.

Process and apparatus for reduction in microbial growth in solutions of sugars extracted from waste materials

Metal complexes such as those of formula (I) are contemplated by the present invention. The metal complexes may be used in catalytic reactions as a catalyst. The catalytic reaction may be an autotransfer process, for example hydrogen borrowing. Improved catalytic activity has been observed with certain metal complexes of the invention. 

Metal complexes

A process is provided for the preparation of a compound of formula (1) wherein R and R' represent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl groups and X represents a hydrocarbyl linking group. The process comprises either the stereoselective reduction of the keto group in a dihydroxy keto precursor followed by selective esterification of a primary hydroxy, or selective esterification of a primary hydroxy of a dihydroxy keto precursor followed by stereoselective reduction of the keto group.

Process for the preparation of dihydroxy esters and derivatives thereof

A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process is provided. The catalyst employed in the process is a metal hydrocarbyl complex which is coordinated to defined bidentate ligands substituted with at least one group selected from an optionally substituted sulphonated hydrocarbyl group, a sulphonated perhalogenated hydrocarbyl group, or an optionally substituted sulphonated heterocyclyl group. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred bidentate ligands are diamines and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centres. The hydrogen donor is advantageously a secondary alcohol or a mixture of triethylamine and formic acid. The process can be employed to transfer hydrogenate ketones and imines, which are preferably prochiral. Catalysts for use in such a process are also provided.

Transfer hydrogenation process and catalyst

A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle, and Rand Rindependently represent hydrogen, Calkyl, C(O)Calkyl or optionally substituted aryl provided that Rand Rare not both hydrogen which process comprises reacting together a compound of formula (II):Ar&#x2014;X&#x2003;&#x2003;(II)wherein Ar is as defined in relation to formula (I) and X represents a leaving group with a a compound of formula (III) wherein Rand Rare as defined in relation to formula (I) under aqueous conditions in the presence of a Pd (II) salt, a ligand and a Group I or Group II metal hydroxide base at a pH greater than 7. Compounds of formula (I) may be hydrolysed to the corresponding hydrazine.

Process for the preparation of aryl hydrazone and aryl hydrazine

A process is provided for the preparation of mandelic acid derivatives. The process comprises the steps of:

Preparation of mandelic acid derivatives

A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process is provided. The catalyst employed in the process is a metal cyclopentadienyl complex which is coordinated to defined bidentate ligands. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred bidentate ligands are diamines and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centers. The hydrogen donor is advantageously a secondary alcohol or a mixture of triethylamine and formic acid. The process can be employed to transfer hydrogenate ketones and imines, which are preferably prochiral. Catalysts for use in such a process are also provided.

A catalytic transfer hydrogenation process is provided. The catalyst employed in the process is a metal neutral hydrocarbyl complex which is coordinated to defined bidentate ligands. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred bidentate ligands are diamines and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centers. The hydrogen donor is advantageously a mixture of triethylamine and formic acid. The process can be employed to transfer hydrogenate iminium salts, which are preferably prochiral.

Transfer hydrogenation process

A process for the preparation of an aromatic organozinc compound is provided. The process comprises reacting a zinc chloride, bromide or iodide and an organometallic compound of another metal comprising an aromatic moiety, producing a reaction product comprising an organozinc compound and a halide salt of the other metal. The reaction product is then contacted with a liquid hydrocarbon, in which the organozinc compound is soluble and the halide salt of the other metal is of low solubility. The halide salt of the other metal is separated from the hydrocarbon, and the organozinc compound can be recovered from the hydrocarbon. Organozinc compounds produced by this process can be employed to generate chiral centres in suitable substrates.

Process for the preparation of an organozinc reagent

Preparation of hydroxy compounds by bioconversion with dioxygenase

Method of preparing an optically active compound of formula, wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, a heterocyclic group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-heterocycle, each being optionally substituted, procided that R and R.sup.1 are not identical and * is an optically active chiral center, from the corresponding racemic ester or diol by treating with a hydrolase enzyme.

Chiral synthesis of tertiary alcohols with a hydrolase

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Huddersfield, United Kingdom

Andrew John Blacker