British American Tobacco (investments) Limited

Mast Carbon International, Ltd.

Mettler-toledo Safeline Limited

Carbon Technologies Nv

British American Tobacco Limited

Andrew John Blackburn

Stephen Robert Tennison

Volodymyr Vasyljovych Strelko

Oleksundr Prokopovych Kozynchenko

Jonathan Robert Tunbridge

Anthony Paul Rawlinson

Roger Nicholas Place

Oleksandr Prokopovych Kozynchenko

Tho Truong Huynh

Piers Catton

Peter Rex White

Daren Butterworth

Volodymyer Vasylijovych Strelko

Alan Mark Giles

Stephen Robert Tenninson

Vladimir Strelko, Jr

Maria Cashmore

Barry David Crittenden

Oleksandr Kozynchenko

A metal detection apparatus () is tested with a test device () having at least one test article (), movable through a detection zone (). The test article is moved through the detection zone along a first transfer axis (ca) and a first input signal is measured. A first threshold (th) is determined, where an amplitude of the first input signal exceeds the first threshold (th). Then, an identical test article is moved through the detection zone along a further transfer axis (ta; . . . ) and a further input signal is measured and a further threshold (th; . . . ) is determined, where an amplitude of the further input signal exceeds the further threshold (th; . . . ). The first or further threshold (th; th; . . . ) is selected in the signal processing path () whenever the test article is moved along the related transfer axis (ca; ta; . . . ).

Method for testing a metal detection apparatus and metal detection apparatus

A porous carbon material suitable for incorporation in smoke filters for cigarettes has a BET surface area of at least 800 m/g and a pore structure that includes mesopores and micropores. The pore volume (as measured by nitrogen adsorption) is at least 0.9 cm/g and from 15 to 65% of the pore volume is in mesopores. The pore structure of the material provides a bulk density generally less than 0.5 g/cc. The material may be produced by carbonizing and activating organic resins and may be in the form of beads for ease of handling.

Porous carbon materials and smoking articles and smoke filters therefor incorporating such materials

Porous carbon is provided which is a carbonization and optionally an activation product of a precursor resin, which has a pore structure that, as estimated by nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, comprises micropores and mesopores/macropores, said micropores and mesopores/macropores being in a bimodal distribution with few pores of size 2-10 nm, and the mesopores/macropores providing escape routes for volatile products during carbonization of the precursor resin. The porous carbon can be made by a method which comprises (a) forming a precursor resin by reacting a nucleophilic component which comprises a phenolic compound or a phenol condensation prepolymer optionally with one or more modifying reagents with an electrophilic cross-linking agent selected from formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, furfural and hexamethylene tetramine in solution in a pore former e.g. ethylene glycol so that a phase separation occurs between high molecular weight domains and voids of lower molecular weight material and the pore former increases the material in the voids and gives rise to the mesopores in the precursor resin; (b) removing the pore former from the precursor resin; and (c) carbonizing the precursor resin in an inert atmosphere at a temperature from 600&#xb0; C. upwards, micropores developing during said carbonization so that the carbonized material comprises (a) micropores of diameter of up to 2 nm and (b) mesopores of diameter of 2-50 nm and optionally macropores of diameter &#x3e;50 nm.

Porous carbons

This disclosure relates to carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material. In some embodiments, the material is selected from coconut-derived material and like material of vegetable origin and resin materials to produce activated carbon, the production comprising supplying the material to the inlet end of a kiln, supplying to the kiln an atmosphere comprising steam or carbon dioxide substantially free of oxygen, maintaining a first region of the kiln having an independently controllable supply of heat at a temperature sufficient for drying or removing solvent from the material without carbonization, maintaining a second region of the kiln having an independently controllable supply of heat downstream from the first region at a temperature sufficient for carbonization of the material without activation; maintaining a third region of the kiln having an independently controllable supply of heat downstream from the second region at a temperature sufficient for activation of the carbonized material, and collecting activated carbon from the discharge end of the kiln.

Carbonising and/or activating carbonaceous material

A cured porous phenolic resin is provided that can be made by cross-linking a phenol-formaldehyde pre-polymer in the presence of a pore former, preferably ethylene glycol. The resin may be formed in situ by condensing a phenol with or without modifying agents and with cross-linking agent by pouring partially cross-linked resin into hot oil, in which case mesoporous resin beads are obtained. The resulting resin has mesopores observable in carbon derived from said resin by a pore structure of said derived carbon that comprises mesopores of diameter of 20-500 &#x212b;, as estimated by nitrogen adsorption porosimentry, the value for the differential of pore volume V with respect to the logarithm of pore radius R (dV/d log R) for the mesopores being greater than 0.2 for at least some values of pore size in the range 20-500 &#x212b;. Microporous beads of the resin may be carbonized into mesoporous carbon beads.

A method of making mesoporous carbon beads comprises steps of providing a nucleophilic component such as phenolic compound or phenol condensation prepolymer, dissolving the nucleophilic component in a pore former, together with at least one electrophilic cross-linking agent such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, furfural and hexamethylene tetramine, dispersing the resulting solution into a mineral oil to form beads, condensing both the component and the agent in the presence of the pore former to form beads of porous resin, removing the beads from the mineral oil and carbonizing the beads to form mesoporous carbon beads.

A method is provided for making mesoporous resin. It comprises:

An electrical heater element of controlled resistivity which can be used for a wide range of applications is formed from an electrically conductive synthetic porous carbon monolith.

Heater for fluids comprising an electrically conductive porous monolith

An improved filter element which can be used in gas masks is formed of short lengths of porous monolithic carbon formed by partially curing a phenolic resin to a solid, comminuting the partially cured resin, extruding the comminuted resin, sintering the extruded resin so as to produce a form-stable sintered product and carbonising and activating the form-stable sintered product.

Filter element

A regenerable adsorber for removing VOCs from gas streams consists of a porous monolithic carbon which can be regenerated by heating by passing an electric current through it.

Growing community of inventors

Winchester, United Kingdom

Andrew John Blackburn