3m Innovative Properties Company

Andrew J L Steinbach

Mark Kevitt Debe

Amy E Hester

Krzysztof A Lewinski

Andrew T Haug

Grant M Thoma

Dennis F Van Der Vliet

George D Vernstrom

Sean M Luopa

Cedric Bedoya

Michael Andrew Yandrasits

Gregory M Haugen

Jimmy Minh Le

Radoslav Atanasoski

Eric J Iverson

Susan M Hendricks

Stephan J Obradovich

Robert L W Smithson

Charles J Studiner, Iv

Thomas Herdtle

David J Rowe

Edward M Fischer

Hamid R Mortazavi

Kim B Saulsbury

Jiyoung Park

James A Phipps

Matthew J Lindell

Fuxia Sun

John E Abulu

Tyler S Matthews

Cemal S Duru

Michael J Kurkowski

Jonah D Erlebacher

Zhenhua Zeng

Jeffrey P Greeley

Charles J Iv Studiner

Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a metal catalyst, wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, and alloys and combinations thereof; (b) an at least highly fluorinated ionomer comprising a polymer backbone and a plurality of first side chains pendant therefrom, wherein the first side chain comprises at least one protogenic group, wherein the protogenic group is selected from a sulfonic acid, a bis(sulfonyl)imide, a sulfonamide, a sulfonyl methide, and salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the polymer backbone comprises an average of at least 14 carbon atoms between adjacent first side chains along the polymer backbone; and (c) a solvent. Such coating compositions may be used to make electrodes for electrochemical cells and have been shown to have reduced poisoning of the catalyst.

Fluoropolymer ionomers with reduced catalyst poisoning and articles therefrom

Catalyst comprising an Ir layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ir layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ir are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Catalyst

Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising at least 90 collectively Pt, Ni, and Ta. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Catalysts comprising a Ta layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the Ta layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, wherein the layer comprising Pt has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 50 nanometers, and wherein the Pt and Ta are present in an atomic ratio in a range from 0.01:1 to 10:1. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiIr. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Pt—Ni—Ir catalyst for fuel cell

A water electrolyzer comprises a membrane, a cathode and an anode. The membrane comprises a first membrane layer comprising a first ion-conductive polymer, a second membrane layer comprising a second ion-conductive polymer, and a platinized nanostructured layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The platinized nanostructured layer comprises close-packed whiskers having at least one of platinum or platinum oxide disposed thereon. The cathode is disposed on the membrane and comprises a first catalyst consisting essentially of both metallic Pt and Pt oxide. The anode is disposed on the opposite surface of the membrane and comprises a second catalyst comprising at least 95 percent by weight of collectively metallic Ir and Ir oxide, calculated as elemental Ir, based on the total weight of the second catalyst, wherein at least one of metallic Ir or Ir oxide is present. Membranes and methods of making them are also disclosed.

Membrane, membrane electrode assembly, and water electrolyzer including the same

Catalyst comprising a first layer having an outer layer with a layer comprising Pt directly thereon, wherein the first layer has an average thickness in a range from 0.04 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the layer. Catalysts described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material comprising at least 90 atomic percent collectively Pt, Ni, and Cr, wherein the Pt is present in a range from 32.4 to 35.8 atomic percent, the Ni is present in a range from 57.7 to 63.7 atomic percent, and the Cr is present in a range from 0.5 to 10.0 atomic percent, and wherein the total atomic percent of Pt, Ni, and Cr equals 100. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Catalyst comprising Pt, Ni, and Cr

Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiIr, the catalyst material preferably having the formula PtNiIr, wherein x is in a range from 26.6 to 47.8, y is in a range from 48.7 to 70, and z is in a range from 1 to 11.4. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Pt&#x2014;Ni&#x2014;Ir catalyst for fuel cell

Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material comprising PtNiAu. The nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material is useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Nanoporous oxygen reduction catalyst material

Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material having the formula PtNiAu, wherein x is in a range from 27.3 to 29.9, y is in a range from 63.0 to 70.0, and z is in a range from 0.1 to 9.6. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEA's) are provided which have nanostructured thin film (NSTF) catalyst electrodes and additionally a sublayer of dispersed catalyst situated between the NSTF catalyst and the PEM of the MEA.

Fuel cell electrode with nanostructured catalyst and dispersed catalyst sublayer

A method is provided for operation of a fuel cell with improved water management by maintaining reduced anode pressure relative to cathode pressure, relative to atmospheric pressure, or both. Typically, the fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly comprising nanostructured thin film cathode catalyst.

Fuel cell water management via reduced anode reactant pressure

This disclosure provides methods of making an enhanced activity nanostructured thin film catalyst by radiation annealing, typically laser annealing, typically under inert atmosphere. Typically the inert gas has a residual oxygen level of 100 ppm. Typically the irradiation has an incident energy fluence of at least 30 mJ/mm. In some embodiments, the radiation annealing is accomplished by laser annealing. In some embodiments, the nanostructured thin film catalyst is provided on a continuous web.

Annealed nanostructured thin film catalyst

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst having a catalyst surface bearing a non-occluding layer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a sub-monolayer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a layer of iridium having a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms. In some embodiments, the fuel cell catalyst comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles. The layer of iridium typically has a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms and more typically between 5 and 60 Angstroms. The fuel cell catalyst typically comprises no electrically conductive carbon material and typically comprises at least a portion of the iridium in the zero oxidation state.

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Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Andrew J L Steinbach