Honeywell International Inc.

Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Hoechet Ag

Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen

Christian N Werner

Theodor Papenfuhs

Frank Nerenz

Kalakota S Reddy

Wilfried Pressler

Michael Fooken

Bernd Kellermeier

Thomas Potrawa

Alfred Siggel

Joachim Schulz

Sonja Demel

Michael Theissen

Thomas Scholten

Jessica Mauer

Michael Hau

Wolfgang Gennburg

Susanne Hoyer

Hans-Jürgen Schmidt

Frauke Platz

Suzanne Wassmann-Wilken

Reinhard Knieps

Theodor Papenfhus

Disclosed is a processes for the production of relatively high purity alkaline earth metal oxides, such as SrO, from relatively low purity forms of carbonated or other oxygenated forms of such metals, such as strontium carbonate. The relatively low purity material is exposed to conditions under which at least a portion of the metal contained therein is converted to a salt that is more readily solvated in a provided solvent than the starting material, while at the same time not substantially increasing the solubility of at least one or more of the impurities in such selected solvent. This step is then preferably followed by removal of solid or otherwise un-dissolved impurities from the solution. After the removal step, the solution is preferably exposed to conditions effective to form a relatively insoluble salt of the alkaline earth metal, such as a strontium salt. The insoluble salt is also preferably one that can be readily and effectively converted to the desired alkaline earth metal oxide, preferably SrO. A novel preferred thermal decomposition step disclosed.

Method for producing alkaline earth metal oxides

Provided are methods of purifying quaternary onium salts having the steps of (a) providing an quaternary onium salt solution having a first ionic impurity concentration; (b) providing an ion exchange material charged with electrochemically stable anions; and (c) contacting the salt solution with the ion exchange material to produce an quaternary onium salt solution having a second halide concentration is less than the first ionic impurity concentration.

Method for purifying quaternary onium salts

Conductive polymers and a method of forming conductive polymers. More particularly, a method of forming head-to-tail coupled regioregular poly-(3-substituted) thiophenes having improved charge carrier mobility and current modulation. Also, monomers having two different halogen leaving groups and which form regioregular poly-(3-substituted) thiophenes more efficiently and economically than other processes. Polythiophene polymers, films and articles are also provided.

Halogenated thiophene monomer for the preparation of regioregular polythiophenes

Provided are methods of producing phosphitylated compounds, including 3'-O-phosphoramidites, comprising the step of reacting a hydroxyl-containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of a phosphitylation activator selected from the group consisting of: (1) acid-base complexes derived from an amine base of Formula II wherein R, R, R, R, and Rare independently hydrogen, C&#x2013;Calkyl, C&#x2013;Ccycloalkyl, C&#x2013;Caryl, C&#x2013;Caralkyl, C&#x2013;Cheteroalkyl, or C&#x2013;Cheteroaryl, and at least one of R, R, R, R, and Ris not hydrogen; (2) zwitterionic amine complexes; and (3) combinations of two or more thereof, to produce a phosphitylated compound. Further provided are methods for purifying phosphitylated compounds comprising the steps of providing a phosphitylated compound in a solution solvent, contacting said phosphitylated compound with a precipitation solvent, and precipitating said phosphitylated compound.

Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds

An improved process and catalyst system for the isomerization of halothiophenes. More particularly, an improved process for the isomerization of 2-halothiopehenes to 3-halothiophenes by reacting a 2-halothiophene with a catalyst and in the presence of a base. The addition of a base additive to the acidic zeolite catalyst allows the desired isomerization reaction to take place while suppressing side-reactions that result in the decomposition of thiophene rings. The catalyst lifetime is thus increased and the amount of catalyst needed for the reaction is reduced, lowering cost.

Process for isomerization of 2-halothiophene to 3-halothiophene

A method for the formation of 3-alkylthiophenes or 3-arylthiophenes from 3-halothiophenes. More particularly, improvements on the Kumada coupling reaction for the production of 3-alkylthiophenes or 3-arylthiophenes by reacting a 3-halothiophene with an alkylmagnesiumhalide or arylmagnesiumhalide Grignard reagent in the presence of a catalyst and a 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran solvent. The 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran solvent allows for higher concentrations of the Grignard reagent with minimal or no dithienyl side product generation, achieving higher product yields and at a lower cost than other known methods.

Process for the Kumada coupling reaction

A process for producing a phenothiazinium compound comprising the step of: reacting phenothiazine, in the presence of a halogen, with at least one amine selected from the group consisting of: wherein Z is CH, O, S, SO, NH, NCH, NCH, NCHCHOH or NCOCH, and Rand Rare each independently linear or branched CHY.

Method for producing phenothiazinium compounds

Provided are methods of producing phosphitylated compounds, including 3'-O-phosphoramidites, comprising the step of reacting a hydroxyl-containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of a phosphitylation activator selected from the group consisting of: (1) acid-base complexes derived from an amine base of Formula Iwherein R, R, and Rare independently C-Calkyl, C-Ccycloalkyl, C-Caryl, C-Caralkyl, C-Cheteroalkyl, or C-Cheteroaryl, wherein any two adjacent R, R, and Rmay be connected to form a heterocyclic ring; (2) acid-base complexes derived from a diazabicyclo amine base; and (3) combinations of two or more thereof.

Process for the preparation of chlorofluronitrobenzenes and

Fluorinated benzils and a process for their preparation A process for the preparation of fluorinated benzils of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which X.sub.1 -X.sub.6, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, or alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.10), phenyl or naphthyl groups which may be substituted, or are groups reducing the electron density, at least one of the substituents X.sub.1 -X.sub.6 being a fluorine atom, by reacting 1 mol of a benzil of the formula (1), in which X.sub.1 -X.sub.6 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the abovementioned meanings, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents X.sub.1 -X.sub.6 is a chlorine atom, with about 0.8 to about 2.5 mol of potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, cesium fluoride or tetraalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.18)-ammonium fluoride per chlorine atom to be exchanged, at temperatures of from about 100.degree. C. to about 280.degree. C., possibly in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst and a dipolar aprotic or nonpolar solvent, and the new benzils prepared by this process.

Fluorinated benzils and a process for their preparation

A process for the preparation of chlorofluoronitrobenzenes in high yields, by reacting dichloronitrobenzenes with alkali metal fluorides having a water content of up to about 2.5% by weight in the presence of a quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salt, a crown ether and/or polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether as catalyst in the presence of an aprotic solvent, the boiling point of which is below the reaction temperature under the pressure conditions chosen, at temperatures of about 125.degree. to about 200.degree. C.

Process for the preparation of chlorofluoronitrobenzenes

Process for the preparation, in high yields, of difluorobenzaldehydes of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which the second fluorine atom is in the 4 or 6 position, by reacting a dichlorobenzaldehyde of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which the second chlorine atom is in the 4 or 6 position, with an alkali metal fluoride in a dipolar aprotic solvent in the presence of an ethylene glycol dialkyl ether as catalyst of the formula (3)

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Garbsen, Germany

Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen