The Penn State Research Foundation

Anand Lal

Randall M German

Ronald G Iacocca

Karthik Sivaraman

An improved method of applying a particulate material to a substrate, includes the steps of: removing impurities from a surface of the substrate; forming a coating composition having a bonding material and at least one particulate material; applying the coating composition to the substrate surface; and creating a diffusion bond between the substrate, bonding material and particulate material for generating a continuous interface between the substrate surface and particulate material such that the change in mechanical properties between the substrate and particulate material occurs in a direction normal to the plane of the substrate surface, thereby minimizing residual strain and coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and particulate material, the surfaces of individual particles of said particulate material being chemically wetted by the bonding material. The particulate material and the bonding material comprise a layer on the substrate surface.

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State College, PA, United States of America

Anand Lal