Linde Aktiengesellschaft

Bayer Aktiengesellschaft

Allan M Watson

Helmut Schneider

Manfred Mansmann

Hans J Wernicke

Walter Kreuter

Horst Weber

Herbert Schmid

Reiner Lohmuller

Patrick W Kinsella

Manfred Lembeck

Processes and apparatus for treating a pressurized feed stream capable of undergoing an endothermic reaction are disclosed. The process includes dividing the feed stream and heating a portion of the feed stream in an endothermic reaction zone so as to produce an endothermic reaction product, subjecting that product to a secondary processing step which is favored by a reduction in temperature, expanding the other part of the feed stream, indirectly contacting the expanded portion of the feed stream thus produced with the endothermic reaction product in order to reduce the temperature of the endothermic reaction product and increase the temperature of the expanded portion of the feed stream, and utilizing the expanded portion of the feed stream as means for adding heat to the initial portion of the feed stream sent to the endothermic reaction zone.

Process and apparatus for treating a pressurized feed stream capable of

Strongly exothermic, catalytically induced or promoted chemical reactions, e.g. the production of methane by the reaction of hydrogen with carbon oxides, are carried out by passing the reactants through an isothermically operated reactor in addition to an adiabatic reactor.

Methanation process

Highly exothermic continuous chemical reactions such as the methanization of carbon oxides are cooled by indirect heat exchange with a liquid coolant such as water, thereby converting at least some of the liquid to a vapor such as steam. When the reaction temperature, because of operational difficulties or the like, exceeds the design temperature of the reaction, said vapor such as steam is passed into the reaction chamber. In this way, the reaction stream is cooled as well as diluted; in addition, since the vapor is preferably selected to be a reaction product, the extent and rate of the exothermic reaction are diminished.

Control of highly exothermic chemical reactions

In a process for the production of olefins in two stages wherein, in the first stage, heavy petroleum fractions are hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst and, in the second stage, the thus-hydrogenated fractions are subjected to thermal cracking the presence of steam, the improvement which comprises employing as the hydrogenation catalyst a zeolite of the faujasite structure combined with elements from Groups VIB, VIIB and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, wherein the alkali component of the zeolite is exchanged at least partially for ammonium, hydronium, alkaline earth and/or rare earth ions, and the elements are present in a metallic, ionic, oxidic and/or sulfidic form.

Two-stage production of olefins utilizing a faujasite structure zeolite

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Ottobrunn, Germany

Allan M Watson