Xerox Corporation

Allan K Chen

Kimberly D Nosella

Tie Hwee Ng

Raj D Patel

Edward Graham Zwartz

Guerino G Sacripante

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Cuong Vong

Santiago Faucher

Shigang S Qiu

Richard P N Veregin

Karen Ann Moffat

Chieh-Min Cheng

Abdisamed Sheik-Qasim

Valerie M Farrugia

Michael Steven Hawkins

T Hwee Ng

Arthur Helbrecht

Michael A Hopper

Enno Eric Agur

George Liebermann

Vladislav Skorokhod

Emily Louise Moore

Christine Deborah Anderson

Ke Zhou

Paul Joseph Gerroir

Zhen Lai

Joo T Chung

David J Sanders

Fumii Higuchi

Patricia Ann Burns

Joseph L Leonardo

Melanie Lynn Davis

David R Kurceba

Fatima M Mayer

Vincenzo G Marcello

Brian J Andaya

Paul D Szabo

Nancy S Hunt

Beng S Ong

Stephan V Drappel

Yuhua Tong

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

Hadi K Mahabadi

Rina Carlini

Paul Farrell Smith

Jordan H Wosnick

Maria N V McDougall

Richard P Veregin

Bernard Grushkin

Peter Van Nguyen

Timothy L Lincoln

Lu Jiang

Maria N McDougall

Sonja Hadzidedic

Louis V Isganitis

Rosa M Duque

Arthur Y Jones

Danielle C Boils-Boissier

Arnold L Pundsack

Zhaoyang Ou

Eric M Strohm

John Abate

Amy Avolia Grillo

Milan Maric

Francisco E Torres

Liam S Cummings

Nam S Ro

Dennis A Mattison, Jr

Donald Riley

Enrique Levy

Richard Fong

Steven A VanScott

Emine Irmak Serifoglu

Eric R Endrizzi

Richard N Edwards

Michael Damato

Richard Pn Veregin

Steven A Vanscott

Dennis A Mattison

Dennis A Mattison Jr

A branched polyester suitable for use in solvent-free emulsification, the branched polyester having a first original weight average molecular weight before undergoing solvent-free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after undergoing solvent-free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure that limits degradation of the polyester during solvent-free emulsification to less than about 20 percent of the first original weight average molecular weight, wherein the branched polyester comprises a compound of the formula described.

Robust resin for solvent-free emulsification

Processes for producing toners are provided. The processes include determining the desired gloss for a given toner, and determining the desired amount of aluminum in the toner to obtain that gloss. Utilizing the processes of the present disclosure, the solids content of an emulsion utilized to produce such a toner, as well as the mixing speed utilized in the aggregation process and the temperature at which aggregation of the toner particles occurs, may then be selected to obtain toner particles possessing the desired amount of aluminum, and thus the desired gloss.

Toner compositions and processes

Toners are provided which possess excellent blocking characteristics. The toners include cores including amorphous resins having low glass transition temperatures, amorphous resins having high glass transition temperatures, and crystalline resins, and shells including amorphous resins having high glass transition temperatures.

A process for making a latex emulsion suitable for use in a toner composition includes contacting at least one amorphous polyester resin with a viscosity reducing additive in the absence of an organic solvent to form a resin mixture either via an extruder or batch process, and adding a surfactant, neutralizing agent, and deionized water to the resin mixture.

Processes for producing polyester latexes via solvent-free emulsification

Toners are provided, which possess low melt properties capable of producing a low gloss finish. The toners include a core and a shell. The shell includes a crystalline resin. The core may include at least one amorphous resin, an optional crystalline resin, an optional wax, and an optional colorant.

The present disclosure provides processes for producing toners. In embodiments, silica is added as a chelating agent during the toner production process contributing to enhanced triboelectric charging properties of the toner particles.

Emulsion aggregation toners

A method of making toner particles, including cold homogenizing at a temperature below room temperature a resin emulsion, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives with a coagulant to form a toner slurry; heating the toner slurry to form aggregated toner particles; freezing aggregation of the particles in the slurry once at a desired aggregated particle size; and further heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the aggregated particles into toner particles.

Toner particles and cold homogenization method

A method of making toner particles, including mixing at least one emulsion of at least one resin, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives to form a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated particles in the slurry; freezing aggregation of the particles with a buffer solution; and heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the particles into toner particles.

Method for controlling a toner preparation process

The present disclosure provides processes for producing polyester toners by emulsion aggregation where the resulting toner particles have high pigment loadings and desired circularity. The methods include adding a metal, in embodiments a metal compound, at the beginning of coalescence, which speeds the coalescence process and produces toner particles having a desired size and circularity for use in electrophotographic imaging systems.

The present disclosure provides processes for producing resins suitable for use in forming toner compositions. In embodiments, the processes described herein comprise formation of latexes, including latexes for use in toners, produced without use of solvents.

Synthesis and emulsification of resins

Toners are provided which may be suitable for use in cold fusing pressure apparatus. The toners include low molecular weight amorphous resins having low softening points and low molecular weights, compared with resins utilized in conventional emulsion aggregation toners for low melt fusing applications.

Toner processes

A process for making toner particles is provided. In embodiments, a suitable process includes adding a defoamer to an emulsion utilized to form toner particles. Utilization of the defoamer allows for a reduction in the overall aggregation/coalescence cycle time and slurry viscosity, while producing a toner with improved GSDs, low coarse and target circularities.

Toner processes utilizing a defoamer as a coalescence aid for continuous and batch emulsion aggregation

A process for making a self-emulsifying composite suitable for use in forming latex emulsions includes contacting a resin with a solid or highly concentrated surfactant, a solid neutralizing agent in the absence of water and an organic solvent to form a mixture, melt mixing the mixture, and forming a self-emulsifying composite of the melt mixed mixture such as a granule. Self-emulsifying granules are also provided and configured to form a latex emulsion when added to water, which may then be utilized to form a toner.

Self emulsifying granules and solvent free process for the preparation of emulsions therefrom

A method of making toner particles, including: mixing, at less than about 17&#xb0; C. and without homogenizing, a resin emulsion with a coagulant, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives, to form pre-aggregated particles in a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated toner particles; freezing aggregation of the particles in the slurry once at a desired aggregated particle size; and further heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the aggregated particles into toner particles.

Emulsion aggregation methods

Embodiments include a chemical toner composition having a first resin including a styrene vinyl copolymer and having a Tg of from about 46 to about 56&#xb0; C., b) a second resin including a styrene vinyl copolymer having a Tg of from about 55 to about 65&#xb0; C., c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and a heat of enthalpy, both from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J/g for every weight percent of the wax used in the chemical toner composition, and wherein the wax has a peak melting point of from about 70 to about 99&#xb0; C., and d) a colorant, wherein the chemical toner has a gloss of from about 30 to about 80 GGU.

Toner having crystalline wax

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Oakville, Canada

Allan K Chen