Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC

American Science and Technology Corporation

Resilient Technologies, LLC.

Other

Polaris Industries Inc.

Ali Manesh

Brian J Meliska

Fidelis Ceranski

Mike Tercha

Glenn Howland

Brian Anderson

Michael John Tercha

Louis J Stark

Louie Stark

Karen Hauch

Todd Petersen

Edwin G Zoborowski

Karen Schlei

Benjamin D Knospe

Olukemi Ayodeji

John H Guenther

Mohammad Ali Manesh

Reza Hemyeri

Susanta Mohapatra

Robert J LeSuer

Kristy L Mardis

Fedelis Ceranski

Raghu N Gurram

Jordan A Thut

Joseph F Kelley

Walter Braenner

Lee J Hawk

Olukemi Ayodeji Akintewe

Mike Terchia

A catalyst free organosolv process for a more efficient delignification and bio-product production by fractionating lignocellulosic materials comprises of providing one or more lignin dissolving chemicals with water and placing it in contact with lignocellulosic biomass. The process also includes producing used solvent as a result of placing biomass in contact with lignin dissolving chemicals and water, separating it into organic and aqueous layers, extracting poly lignin from the organic layer to produce recyclable lignin dissolving chemicals, and extracting dissolved solid from the aqueous layer to produce recyclable water. The catalyst free organosolv process can use any combination of fresh, used, or recyclable water and lignin dissolving chemicals, with or without any pH adjustment and placing them in contact with any biomass in process, or any new biomass. The recyclable lignin dissolving chemicals can be further separated to remove any excess or desired organic chemicals from it. The separated chemicals can be recycled as new lignin dissolving solvent or sold, while poly lignin can be used as a natural and renewable colorant for other polymers such as poly lactic acid, or can be mixed with other polymers as an additive and be compounded, co-extruded, injected to make consumable polymeric parts, or can be used as a natural source of renewable aromatics. Application of the catalyst free organosolv process helps to preserve fiber strength which is important for certain applications. At the end, the catalyst free organosolv fractionation process produces good quality fibers, various organic chemicals, and poly lignin that together make the process very economically attractive.

Catalyst free organosolv process, system and method for fractionation of lignocellulosic materials and bioproducts recovery

A non-pneumatic tire and hub assembly includes an inner ring having an axis of rotation, a deformable outer ring, and a flexible web extending between the inner ring and the deformable outer ring. The assembly further includes a hollow, metal cylinder coupled to the inner ring. The hollow, metal cylinder has a flanged portion extending towards an interior portion of the hollow, metal cylinder.

Tension-based non-pneumatic tire

A non-pneumatic tire includes an inner ring having an axis of rotation, a deformable outer ring, and a web extending between the inner ring and the deformable outer ring. The tire further includes a pair of sidewalls disposed at opposite ends of the non-pneumatic tire and covering the web.

Tire spokes

A non-pneumatic tire for supporting a load by working in tension comprising a generally annular inner ring, a generally annular outer ring, and an interconnected web having a plurality of web elements and comprising a plurality of generally polygonal openings. Web elements are sized, oriented and comprised of a material that facilitates buckling when subjected to a compressive load. By buckling, those elements in a deformed portion of the tire between a wheel and a footprint region where the tire contacts a surface can assume a significantly reduced portion of the load, if any. This causes web elements in other portions of the interconnected web to operate in tension to support the load.

A non-pneumatic tire for supporting a load by working in tension. The tire can comprise a generally annular inner ring, a generally annular outer ring, and a web having a plurality of web elements. The tire can further comprise a layer or layers fabric material acting as a bonding agent to bond tire components together.

An oxygen assisted Organosolv process for a more efficient delignification and producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing a lignin solvent with water, an acid, an oxidant and one or more lignin dissolving chemicals. The process also includes placing biomass in contact with oxidant, acid, water, the lignin solvent in any order or combined to form a recyclable solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the recyclable solvent by circulating the recyclable solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the recyclable solvent occurs for a period of time, during which, acid and oxidant may be added if necessary as they may be consumed by the process, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the recyclable solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new lignin dissolving solvent or sold, while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid, or mixed with other polymers as an additive and extruded or injected to consumable polymeric parts, or can be used and the natural source of renewable aromatics. Application of an oxidant will help the overall fractionation process by changing the chemical characteristics of the lignin and therefore allows more lignin to be removed from biomass. At the end, the lignin is separated from the lignin dissolving solvent by a separation process to also reclaim the lignin dissolving solvent for the next fractionation process.

Oxygen assisted organosolv process, system and method for delignification of lignocellulosic materials and lignin recovery

An organosolv process for producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing an initial lignin solvent with water, an acid, and a lignin dissolving chemical comprising at least one of an organic ester, butyl acetate, an organic furan, and furfural. The process also includes placing the lignin solvent in contact with a biomass to form a circulation solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the circulation solvent by circulating the circulation solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the circulation solvent occurs for a period of time, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the circulation solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new solvent or sold while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid.

System and method for extraction of chemicals from lignocellulosic materials

A non-pneumatic tire for supporting a load by working in tension comprising a generally annular inner surface, a generally annular outer ring, and an interconnected web having a plurality of web elements and comprising a plurality of generally polygonal openings. Web elements are sized, oriented and comprised of a material that facilitates buckling when subjected to a compressive load. By buckling, those elements in a deformed portion of the tire between a hub and a footprint region where the tire contacts a surface may assume a significantly reduced portion of the load, if any. This causes web elements in other portions of the interconnected web to operate in tension to support the load. With the portion of the tire in the footprint region not bearing a significant portion of the load, non-pneumatic tire may exhibit a more comfortable ride subject to less noise and vibration and improved handling capabilities.

A non-pneumatic tire for supporting a load by working in tension comprising a generally annular inner ring, a generally annular outer ring, and an interconnected web having a plurality of web elements and comprising a plurality of generally polygonal openings. Web elements are sized, curved, oriented, and comprised of varying thicknesses of material which facilitates buckling when subjected to a compressive load. By buckling, those elements in a deformed portion of the tire between a wheel and a footprint region where the tire contacts a surface can assume a significantly reduced portion of the load, if any. This causes web elements in other portions of the interconnected web to operate in tension to support the load.

A dye-sensitized semiconductor includes a semiconductor, and a copper(I) coordination compound comprising 2,9-dialkyl-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonate, on the semiconductor. The dye-sensitized semiconductor may be used as part of a photoanode in a solar cell, which also contains a counter-electrode, and a conductive medium containing a redox-active mediator, in contact with and separating the photoanode and the counter-electrode.

Copper complex dye sensitized solar cell

A non-pneumatic tire for supporting a load by working in tension comprising a generally annular inner surface, a generally annular outer ring, and an interconnected web having a plurality of web elements and comprising a plurality of generally polygonal openings. Web elements are sized, oriented and comprised of a material that facilitates buckling when subjected to a compressive load. By buckling, those elements in a deformed portion of the tire between a hub and a footprint region where the tire contacts a surface may assume a significantly reduced portion of the load, if any. This causes web elements in other portions of the interconnected web to operate in tension to support the load. Since the tire is non-pneumatic, it may be easier to maintain and may have a longer life than standard pneumatic tires since it eliminates the possibility of blowouts, flat tires, or tires operating with low air pressure. By virtue of the portion of the tire in the footprint region not bearing a significant portion of the load, non-pneumatic tire may also exhibit a more comfortable ride subject to less noise and vibration and improved handling capabilities.

The present invention is disclosed comprising a light source, photo detector and a lens system as its main parts. The effect of light intensity on changing current through the photo detector due to the linear or angular displacement of the detector with respect to the light source is the focusing point of this idea. The basic unit of this invention consists of a light source and a detector aiming at each other with a set of lens in between and all are pre-assembled on a film of polymer. The assembly then can be glued on the surface of any test specimen to measure any possible strain. As an alternative, two heads of fiber optic cables can be preassembled on the mounting polymer pointing toward each other. In this method, optical fibers are used to carry the light and the light source and detectors can be isolated from any ambient electro magnetic noise and away from the testing equipment. Lenses are utilized to either converge or to columnate the light rays.

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Chicago, IL, United States of America

Ali Manesh