International Business Machines Corporation

Alfred Inselberg

Avijit Chatterjee

Vernon Ralph Austel

Alexander A Hurwitz

Bernard Dimsdale

John S Eickemeyer

A system for detecting lines in images using line neighborhoods and a parallel coordinate transformation. The process introduces the concept of line neighborhoods to accommodate the uncertainty in line detection arising from image noise. Because line neighborhoods in Cartesian coordinates have ambiguous and unbounded regions and always overlap one another, a parallel coordinate transform is used to transform Cartesian coordinate image plane line segments to points in a bounded and nonambiguous region of the parallel coordinate transform plane. Line detection then becomes a simple problem of detecting point clusters in the parallel coordinate transform plane.

System using parallel coordinates for automated line detection in noisy

A multi-variate data set is displayed in a plurality of multi-dimensional presentations on a computer having a graphical interface and a keyboard input. The data set includes a plurality of independent variables and, for each independent variable, a plurality of dependent variables. A computer displays the data set in parallel coordinate form on the graphical interface so that each dependent variable of the data set is presented as a series of values along an axis, plural axes arranged in parallel. The graphical interface provides a polygonal line which connects a value on each parallel axis and illustrates a relationship between an independent variable and the dependent variables appearing on each axis. The user input enables a user to superimpose on the graphical interface graphical delimiters either on or between two succeeding parallel axes. The graphical delimiters identify a data subset that includes at least one independent variable and adjacent dependent variables. In response to placement of the graphical delimiters, the computer modifies a presentation of any polygonal lines connecting the adjacent dependent variables and which lies between the graphical delimiters, and differentiates then from other polygonal lines which represent remaining data subsets of the data set. The computer further enables an illustration of the delimited data subset in Cartesian coordinates.

System and method for visually querying a data set exhibited in a

A system for detecting and resolving conflicts between a plurality of aircraft or other objects on potentially conflicting trajectories in space. A two-dimensional graph generated on a processor-controlled display depicts the trajectory of one of the aircraft and creates particles that have identical velocity as the particular aircraft of interest. Each particle is at a different initial position from all other particles (in the sense of mathematical physics, a field is defined). That is, motion constraints are defined in terms of particles with specific characteristics and a algorithms for conflict avoidance are constructed by selecting a given particle which satisfies all of the constraints.

Motion constraints using particles

A machine-implemented method for detecting and resolving conflict between a plurality of objects on trajectories in space. A two-dimensional representation is generated which depicts the trajectory of one of the objects and the times remaining until conflict of said one object with front and back limiting trajectories, respectively, of at least one other of the objects. An indication of potential conflict is displayed on said representation when the trajectory of said one object is between the front and back limiting trajectories of said other object. The front and back limiting trajectories for each such other object are calculated by enclosing a preselected protected airspace about said one object in an imaginary parallelogram having one set of sides parallel to the trajectory of said one object and the other set of sides parallel to relative velocity of such other object with respect to said one object. The sides parallel to said relative velocity depict the times, respectively, during which said one object will be closest to the protected airspace just touching it from the front and closest to the back of said protected airspace without touching it. Conflict is resolved by diverting said one object by an appropriate maneuver to a conflict-free path in which the trajectory of said one object no longer lies between the front and back limiting trajectories of any other object.

Conflict detection and resolution between moving objects

Critical differences in the position and motion of aircraft in congested N-dimensional airspace are highly discernible when processed and mapped onto a parallel N-coordinate plane. Trajectory intersection in both time and space may be constantly monitored. The airspace may be accurately controlled by descriptively and prescriptively configuring proposed trajectories and monitoring critical differences before assignment to aircraft. Attributes such as angular deviation, in addition to closing speed and distance, can be evaluated.

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Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

Alfred Inselberg