Phillips 66 Company

Alexander Z Wilbee

Jonathan R Marda

Liang Zhang

Dachuan Shi

Paul M Schmidt

Kan Huang

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for preparing carbon materials which can be used in battery electrodes. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for preparing hard carbon materials used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries, such as a sodium-ion battery. In one or more embodiments, a method includes exposing a liquid refinery hydrocarbon product to a first functionalization agent containing sulfur to produce a first solid functionalized product containing sulfur during a first functionalization process. The method further includes purifying the first solid functionalized product during a purification process and exposing the first solid functionalized product to a second functionalization agent containing oxygen to produce a second solid functionalized product containing sulfur and oxygen during a second functionalization process. The method also includes carbonizing the second solid functionalized product to produce a hard carbon product during a carbonization process.

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Bartlesville, OK, United States of America

Alexander Z Wilbee