Union Oil Company of California

Alex E Miller

Donald C Young

Roger A Brown

Water-soluble iron complexes are produced by forming an aqueous reaction medium (a) comprising a sulfate source (e.g., ferric sulfate) and a ferric source (e.g., the ferric sulfate and a different ferric salt) and (b) having a pH and sulfate ion to ferric ion molar ratio sufficient to form the water-soluble iron complexes. Preferably, the molar ratio of sulfate ion to ferric ion in the reaction medium is about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1. It is also preferred that the pH of the reaction medium be about 1 to about 3.

Iron complex synthesis

An acidic molasses-based liquid animal feed supplement stock including calcium and magnesium, so that the calcium to magnesium weight ratio is between about 1.5 and 3, and, optionally, non-protein nitrogen, is hardened into a solid form by the addition of a phosphorus-containing compound in a nutritionally appropriate amount. In a preferred embodiment a single homogeneous first solution containing the sugar or molasses and the soluble calcium and magnesium compound but containing no added phosphorus compound is prepared and stored until it is desired to manufacture the animal feed blocks. At that time a second solution containing phosphorus but no calcium, magnesium, or molasses is added to the first solution so that the blocking reaction can occur.

Aqueous solution for use in producing a solid animal feed supplement

Moist particulate sulfur is subject to microbial oxidation during extended storage, resulting in an undesirable accumulation of sulfuric acid in the sulfur. Treatment of the sulfur with an antimicrobial agent reduces or prevents the formation of the acid.

Reduced acid buildup in moist sulfur during storage

An alkaline supplement for ruminant feeds is a fluid suspension comprising the components: about 20 to about 40 percent by weight water; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight calcium phosphate; about 10 to about 40 percent by weight molasses; about 5 to about 30 percent by weight limestone; up to about 15 percent by weight urea; up to about 5 percent by weight magnesium oxide; up to about 20 percent by weight dolomite; up to about 30 percent by weight fat; up to about 30 percent by weight protein meal; and a suspending agent.

Animal feed supplement suspension

An acidic molasses-based liquid animal feed supplement including nutritionally appropriate phosphorus and magnesium and, optionally, non-protein nitrogen, is hardened into a solid form by the addition of a small amount of a soluble calcium compound, preferably calcium chloride, so that the calcium to magnesium weight ratio is between about 1.5 and 3. The disclosed solid animal feed supplement is sufficiently palatable to permit its free choice feeding, yet discourages overfeeding by its hardness and acidity. The block contains sufficient molasses to help meet the energy requirements for maintenance and weight gain of grazing animals, but is sufficiently low in pH to minimize the risk of ammonia poisoning due to breakdown of non-protein nitrogen sources to free ammonia during rumination. The solid animal feed supplement is prepared by mixing together two substantially homogeneous liquid solutions, either or both of which contain molasses, but with one containing the soluble calcium compound and one containing the phosphorus compound, usually in the form of orthophosphate, to provide a liquid mixture having an acid pH, preferably in the range below about 4.0 pH units. In situ reaction of the magnesium, phosphorus and calcium compounds within this pH range quickly hardens the solution into a solid molasses block having a hardness of 80 or less in 0.1 millimeter penetrometer units.

Solid animal feed supplement and method for its production

A molasses-based liquid animal feed supplement including a nutritionally appropriate phosphorus content is hardened into a solid form by the addition of a small amount of a soluble calcium compound, e.g., calcium chloride. The disclosed solid animal feed supplement is sufficiently palatable to permit its free choice feeding and contains sufficient molasses to help meet the energy requirements for maintenance and weight gain of grazing animals. The solid animal feed supplement is prepared by mixing the ingredients to provide a solution having a critical pH, in the range of from 2.7 to 4.5, to permit the in-situ reaction of an orthophosphate compound and a calcium compound. Within this critical pH range, the solution quickly hardens into a solid molasses block having a hardness of 80 or less (i.e. in 0.1 mm Penetrometer units). To avoid requiring excess calcium ion to effect hardening, the ingredients are, preferably, mixed in the absence of added sulfate ion and calcium sequestrants.

Method for making a solid animal feed supplement

An alkaline supplement for ruminant feeds is a fluid suspension comprising the components; about 20 to about 40 percent by weight water; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight calcium phosphate; about 10 to about 40 percent by weight molasses; about 5 to about 30 percent by weight limestone; up to about 15 percent by weight urea; up to about 5 percent by weight magnesium oxide; up to about 20 percent by weight dolomite; up to about 30 percent by weight fat; up to about 30 percent by weight protein meal; and a suspending agent.

An acidic molasses-based liquid animal feed supplement stock including calcium and mangesium, so that the calcium to magnesium weight ratio is between about 1.5 and 3, and, optionally, non-protein nitrogen, is hardened into a solid form by the addition of a phosphorus-containing compound in a nutritionally appropriate amount. In the preferred embodiment a single homogeneous first solution containing the sugar or molasses and the soluble calcium and magnesium compound but containing no added phosphorus compound is prepared and stored until it is desired to manufacture the animal feed blocks. At that time a second solution containing phosphorus but no calcium, magnesium, or molasses is added to the first solution so that the blocking reaction can occur.

Method for producing a solid animal feed supplement

An acidic molasses-based liquid animal feed supplement including nutritionally appropriate phosphorus and magnesium and, optionally, non-protein nitrogen, is hardened into a solid form by the addition of a small amount of a soluble calcium compound, preferably calcium chloride, so that the calcium to magnesium weight ratio is between about 1.5 and 3. The disclosed solid animal feed supplement is sufficiently palatable to permit its free choice feeding, yet discourages overfeeding by its hardness and acidity. The block contains sufficient molasses to help meet the energy requirements for maintenance and weight gain of grazing animals, but is sufficiently low in pH to minimize the risk of ammonia poisoning due to breakdown of non-protein nitrogen sources to free ammonia during rumination.

A feed supplement, e.g. an animal feed supplement, is prepared by a method comprising treating whey, for example, from the manufacture of cottage cheese or cheddar cheese, with a bisulfite moiety to react the lactose present in said whey and form a lactose-bisulfite addition product. The lactose-bisulfite addition product is more soluble in water than lactose; therefore, the treated whey may be condensed by removing water therefrom, without sedimentation of the lactose during condensation or upon storage. The condensed whey may be mixed with a source of nutrients to provide a full ration animal feed.

Feed supplements

A feed supplement, e.g., an animal feed supplement, is prepared by a method comprising treating whey, for example, from the manufacture of cottage cheese or cheddar cheese, with a bisulfite moiety to react the lactose present in said whey and form a lactose-bisulfite addition product. The lactose-bisulfite addition product is more soluble in water than lactose; therefore, the treated whey may be condensed by removing water therefrom, without sedimentation of the lactose during condensation or upon storage. The condensed whey may be mixed with a source of nutrients to provide a full ration animal feed.

Feed supplements and methods for the preparation thereof

This invention provides a process for recovering alkanolamines, e.g. diisopropanolamine, from their corresponding cyclic reaction products (e.g., oxazolidinones), which products are the result of the reaction of CO.sub.2 and the alkanolamine, a situation commonly encountered in acid gas removal processes employing the alkanolamines alone or in combination with other liquids such as sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide). The process involves hydrolyzing the oxazolidinones in the presence of a small but catalytically effective amount of an amine, preferably from about 2 to 10 weight percent, based on 2-oxazolidinones. Preferably, the amine is the alkanolamine precursor of the corresponding 2-oxazolidinone.

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Placentia, CA, United States of America

Alex E Miller