U.S. Philips Corporation

Albertus J Van Der Borst

Jacobus N Dekker

Ulrich E Enz

Evert M Kamerbeek

Jan Reinder De Boer

Hendrik J De Wit

Wilhelmus C Meerman

Poul K Larsen

Ate K Damstra

Jan Tiesinga

Marcel Brouha

Gijsbertus W Turk

Andries T Reeder

Johannes J Van Der Leek

Pieter De Pooter

Nicolaas H Van Stiphout

Kornelis Jager

A shaving apparatus (1, 105) with at least one adjustable cutting unit (11, 121) which comprises an external cutting member (13, 123) with at least one hair trap opening (17) and an internal cutting member (19, 125) which is rotatable inside the external cutting member (13, 123) by means of an electric motor (23, 127). The cutting unit (11, 121) is adjustable by means of an electrical actuator (91, 179) which is controllable by an electrical control unit (103, 191). In a first embodiment of the shaving apparatus (1), the external cutting member (13, 123) can be positioned relative to a holder (17) during a shaving operation by means of the actuator (91). In a second embodiment of the shaving apparatus (105), the external cutting member (123) is displaceable relative to the holder (111) under the influence of a skin contact force against a pretensioning force which has a value which is adjustable by means of the actuator (179). In both embodiments, the motor (23, 127) has a speed which is controlled by the control unit (103, 191). The control unit (103, 191) adjusts the cutting unit (11, 121) and the motor speed (23, 127) as a function of a measured skin contact force, a measured cutting frequency, a time which has elapsed during a shaving operation, and a balance between shaving performance and shaving comfort desired by the user. In a special embodiment, the control unit (103, 191) controls the cutting unit (11, 121) and the motor speed in accordance with an algorithm based on fuzzy logic. The shaving apparatus (1, 105) provides a user of the shaving apparatus (1, 105) with an optimum balance between the achieved shaving performance, i.e. skin smoothness and shaving speed, and the experienced shaving comfort, i.e. skin irritation level, during a shaving operation.

Shaving apparatus with electrically adjustable cutting unit

A shaving apparatus (1, 101, 201) is provided which includes at least one cutting unit (11) which is provided with an external cutting member (13) with at least one hair trap opening (17) and with an internal cutting member (19) which is rotatable in the external cutting member (13) by means of an electric motor (23). The speed of the motor (23) can be controlled during operation by a feedforward control unit (43, 103, 203) as a function of at least one physical quantity which can be measured during operation by means of a transducer (59, 69, 111). A first embodiment of the shaving apparatus (1) comprises a timer (59) which measures a time which has elapsed during a shaving operation, and a detector (69) with a microphone (71) which measures a cutting frequency of the cutting unit (11), the speed of the motor (23) being controllable by the control unit (43) as a function of the time which has elapsed during the shaving operation and of the cutting frequency. A second embodiment of the shaving apparatus (101) comprises a force detector (111) which measures a skin contact force exerted on the cutting unit (11), and again a detector (69) with a microphone (71) measuring a cutting frequency of the cutting unit (11), so that the speed of the motor (23) can be controlled by the control unit (103) as a function of the skin contact force and the cutting frequency. In a special embodiment, the control unit (43, 103, 203) controls the speed of the motor (23) in accordance with an algorithm based on fuzzy logic. The shaving apparatus (1, 101, 201) provides a user of the shaving apparatus (1, 101, 201) with an optimum balance between shaving performance, shaving comfort and power consumption of the motor (23) during a shaving operation.

Shaving apparatus with controllable motor speed

A device is set forth for interrupting a material flow by means of a shutter 5 fastened on a spindle 11, which spindle 11 is rotatably supported in a housing 1 of the device. The device is provided with a torsion spring 33 which is elastically deformable through rotation of the spindle 11, with substantially equal amounts of mechanical energy being stored in the torsion spring 33 through elastic deformation in a first position of the shutter 5. The material flow is shut off during this operation, and in a second position of the shutter 5 the material flow begins. The spindle 11 is provided with a permanent magnet 57 having pole shoes 61, 63 which are held against stops 109, 115 of a magnetic yoke 99 in the first position under the influence of the magnetic field of the magnet 57, and which are held against stops 111, 113 of the yoke 99 in the second position. The yoke 99 is provided with an electric coil 121. The shutter 5 is displaceable from a rest position to one of the two positions by an alternating current in the coil 121, whereas a direct current in the coil 121 attenuates the magnetic field of the magnet 57, so that the shutter 5 is displaced from the relevant position to the other position under the influence of the torsion spring 33. The device is suitable for use in a system for the deposition of materials in the form of thin layers on substrates. In such a system, the shutter 5 periodically interrupts a material flow coming from a source of material and aimed at the substrate, so that a desired composition of the layer is obtained.

Device for interrupting a material flow

A magnetic head having a core of a magnetizable material around a part of which a coil is provided. A transducing gap is formed between two core parts of a magnetically anisotropic, amorphous ferromagnetic metal. The core parts of a magnetically anisotropic, amorphous ferromagnetic material have a magnetic anisotropy direction induced by a thermal treatment in a magnetic field which is in the plane of the core parts and encloses an angle .alpha. with the direction in which magnetic flux traverses the core parts during operation. .alpha. preferably is equial to 90.degree.. By these means an increased permeability in the MHz range is reached in combination with a minimum loss component.

Magnetic head with anisotropy in plane of core ports

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Eindhoven, Netherlands

Albertus J Van Der Borst